How to format your references using the Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Boland J. Materials science: Diamond gets harder. Nature. 2014;510(7504):220-221.

A journal article with 2 authors

Koren I, Feingold G. Adaptive behavior of marine cellular clouds. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2507.

A journal article with 3 authors

Watson EB, Thomas JB, Cherniak DJ. 40Ar retention in the terrestrial planets. Nature. 2007;449(7160):299-304.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Petri G, Expert P, Jensen HJ, Polak JW. Entangled communities and spatial synchronization lead to criticality in urban traffic. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1798.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yevick D, Yevick H. Fundamental Math and Physics for Scientists and Engineers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2014.

An edited book

Zavarise G, Wriggers P, eds. Trends in Computational Contact Mechanics. Vol 58. Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

González-Polo RA, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Gómez-Sánchez R, Pizarro-Estrella E, Niso-Santano M, Fuentes JM. Links Between Paraquat and Parkinson’s Disease. In: Kostrzewa RM, ed. Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Springer; 2014:819-842.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Hubble Might Have Seen The Shadow Of A Planet Forming. IFLScience. January 9, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/hubble-might-have-seen-the-shadow-of-a-planet-forming/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Comments on S. 881 and GAO Report on Small-Business Innovation Initiatives. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pikiewicz KA. I Never Knew I Had Expectations until I Realized They Weren’t Going to Come True: A Grounded Theory Study of Mothering a Chronically Ill Child. Doctoral dissertation. Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon MR. U.S. Plan for Afghanistan May Help, but Few Expect ‘Outright Victory.’ New York Times. August 22, 2017:A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
Abbreviation	Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.
ISSN (print)	0194-5998
ISSN (online)	1097-6817
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology Surgery