How to format your references using the Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Mel BW. Neurobiology. What the synapse tells the neuron. Science 2002;295:1845–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Poulain AJ, Barkay T. Environmental science. Cracking the mercury methylation code. Science 2013;339:1280–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Reynolds JN, Hyland BI, Wickens JR. A cellular mechanism of reward-related learning. Nature 2001;413:67–70.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Harris KD, Csicsvari J, Hirase H, Dragoi G, Buzsáki G. Organization of cell assemblies in the hippocampus. Nature 2003;424:552–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Featherstone H, Holt E. Small Animal Ophthalmology. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Gautschi W, Mastroianni G, Rassias TM, editors. Approximation and Computation: In Honor of Gradimir V. Milovanović. vol. 42. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Bertossi L, Gardezi J. Tractable vs. Intractable Cases of Query Answering under Matching Dependencies. In: Straccia U, Calì A, editors. Scalable Uncertainty Management: 8th International Conference, SUM 2014, Oxford, UK, September 15-17, 2014. Proceedings, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 51–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Experts Say Half The Advice On Dr. Oz And The Doctors Is Wrong Or Lacks Evidence. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-reliable-are-tv-doctors/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Land Management Systems: BLM’s Actions to Improve Information Technology Management. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hernandez SS. Professionals’ perceptions of effective interventions with elderly hoarders. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Mcdonough J. My Sister Wants to Buy My Dad a Drone For Father’s Day. New York Times 2017:MM22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia
Abbreviation	Osteoporos. Sarcopenia
ISSN (print)	2405-5255
Scope