How to format your references using the Ophthalmic Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmic Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dolgin E. Textiles: Fabrics of life. Nature. 2015;519(7544):S10-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sontheimer EJ, Carthew RW. Molecular biology. Argonaute journeys into the heart of RISC. Science. 2004;305(5689):1409-1410.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alkire MT, Hudetz AG, Tononi G. Consciousness and anesthesia. Science. 2008;322(5903):876-880.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Drenowatz C, Shook RP, Hand GA, Hébert JR, Blair SN. The independent association between diet quality and body composition. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4928.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hasslacher C, Böhm S. Diabetes and the Kidney. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Sanchis-Alfonso V, ed. Patellar Instability Surgery in Clinical Practice. Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Keck ME, Müller MB. Mutagenesis and Knockout Models: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical System. In: Holsboer F, Ströhle A, eds. Anxiety and Anxiolytic Drugs. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Springer; 2005:113-141.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmic Epidemiology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Telescope Detects Oldest And Most Distant Known Galaxy. IFLScience. Published May 6, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/oldest-furthest-galaxy-found/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: TSA Has Taken Steps to Improve Oversight of Key Programs, but Additional Actions Are Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Francis TM. The Lived Experience of Caribbean Women and Their Experiences as Senior-Level Leaders: A Phenomenological Study. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lipton E, Buettner R. U.S. Form Shows How Giuliani, Possible Cabinet Pick, Made His Fortune. New York Times. November 18, 2016:A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmic Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Ophthalmic Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0928-6586
ISSN (online)	1744-5086
Scope	Epidemiology Ophthalmology

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