How to format your references using the Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Dainton M. Palaeoanthropology: Did our ancestors knuckle-walk? Nature. 2001;410:324–5; disussion 326.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Felton LM, Anthony C. Biochemistry: role of PQQ as a mammalian enzyme cofactor? Nature. 2005;433:E10; discussion E11-2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Yamashiro H, Isomura N, Sakai K. Bloom of the cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii on the gorgonian coral Annella reticulata in Japan. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6032.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Mallmann RT, Wilmes T, Lichvarova L, Bührer A, Lohmüller B, Castonguay J, et al. Tetraspanin-13 modulates voltage-gated CaV2.2 Ca2+ channels. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1777.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Sturges RH Jr. Practical Field Robotics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Tserpes KI, Silvestre N, editors. Modeling of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene and their Composites. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Delang CO, Li WM. Factors Contributing to Differences in Forest Recovery Rates. In: Li WM, editor. Ecological Succession on Fallowed Shifting Cultivation Fields: A Review of the Literature. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. p. 91–122.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Eclipsing Binary Could Be A Supernova Model. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: A Statistical Study of Acquisition Time. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995 Mar. Report No.: AIMD-95-65.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Amodeo GA. Structural and biochemical characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AMPK homolog SNF1 [Doctoral dissertation]. [New York, NY]: Columbia University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. Supreme Court Hears Plea for Help From Puerto Rico. New York Times. 2016 Mar 23;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
Abbreviation	Orphanet J. Rare Dis.
ISSN (online)	1750-1172
Scope	General Medicine Genetics(clinical) Pharmacology (medical)