How to format your references using the Oral Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Oral Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Khodakhah K. Neuroscience: Decrypting a brain enigma. Nature. 2015;526:326–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Canup RM, Ward WR. A common mass scaling for satellite systems of gaseous planets. Nature. 2006;441:834–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Satoh N, Nakashima T, Yamamoto K. Metastability of anatase: size dependent and irreversible anatase-rutile phase transition in atomic-level precise titania. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1959.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Lahiri SD, Zhang G, Dunaway-Mariano D, Allen KN. The pentacovalent phosphorus intermediate of a phosphoryl transfer reaction. Science. 2003;299:2067–71.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lui SH. Numerical Analysis of Partial Differential Equations. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. S M, Kumar SS, editors. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Signal and Image Processing 2012 (ICSIP 2012): Volume 1. New Delhi: Springer India; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kong L-A, Wu W-J. The Construction of the Security Ability System in Coal Enterprise. In: Jin D, Lin S, editors. Advances in Electronic Engineering, Communication and Management Vol2: Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Electronic Engineering, Communication and Management (EECM 2011), held on December 24–25, 2011, Beijing, China. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 19–24.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Oral Radiology.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Bear Moms Use Human Shields To Protect Cubs From Infanticidal Males [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bear-moms-use-human-shields-to-protect-cubs-from-infanticidal-males/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Technology Transfer: Implementation of CRADAs at NIST, Army, and DOE. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993 Jun. Report No.: T-RCED-93-53.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Nye KM. Crème de Pêche [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Johnson G. Unearthing Prehistoric Tumors, and Debate. New York Times. 2010 Dec 28;D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Oral Radiology
Abbreviation	Oral Radiol.
ISSN (print)	0911-6028
ISSN (online)	1613-9674
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Dentistry (miscellaneous)