How to format your references using the Optimization citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optimization. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Jackson A. Intense equatorial flux spots on the surface of the Earth’s core. Nature. 2003;424(6950):760–763.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Vanorio T, Kanitpanyacharoen W. ROCK PHYSICS. Rock physics of fibrous rocks akin to Roman concrete explains uplifts at Campi Flegrei Caldera. Science. 2015;349(6248):617–621.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Xuereb A, Ulbricht H, Paternostro M. Optomechanical interface for probing matter-wave coherence. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3378.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Letzner S, Patzke N, Verhaal J, et al. Shaping a lateralized brain: asymmetrical light experience modulates access to visual interhemispheric information in pigeons. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4253.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Held G. Bulletproofing TCP/IP-based Windows NT/2000 Networks. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2001.

An edited book

[1]

Castelnuovo G. La donazione in Italia: Situazione e prospettive della donazione di sangue, organi, tessuti, cellule e midollo osseo. Menici R, Fedi M, editors. Milano: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Van de Weghe N, Kuijpers B, Bogaert P, et al. A Qualitative Trajectory Calculus and the Composition of Its Relations. In: Rodríguez MA, Cruz I, Levashkin S, et al., editors. GeoSpatial Semantics: First International Conference, GeoS 2005, Mexico City, Mexico, November 29-30, 2005 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. p. 60–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optimization.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti C. Moron Decides To Tease Enormous Alligator While Dressed As A T-Rex. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Research Fleet Modernization: NOAA Needs to Consider Alternatives to the Acquisition of New Vessels. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994. Report No.: RCED-94-170. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Holvick-Norton T. Becoming Whole: The Process of Individuation for Women and Their Bodies [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Murphy MJO. Seafood With a Scenic Distraction. New York Times. 2013 Sep 1;LI8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Optimization
Abbreviation	Optimization
ISSN (print)	0233-1934
ISSN (online)	1029-4945
Scope	Management Science and Operations Research Applied Mathematics Control and Optimization