How to format your references using the Optimization and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optimization and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Holden C (2000) ACADEMIC COMMUNITY: Ruling Allows Unions at Private Colleges. Science 290:1069–1071

A journal article with 2 authors

Cox E, Bonner J (2001) Ecology. The advantages of togetherness. Science 292:448–449

A journal article with 3 authors

Brummelkamp TR, Bernards R, Agami R (2002) A system for stable expression of short interfering RNAs in mammalian cells. Science 296:550–553

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Geleziunas R, Xu W, Takeda K, et al (2001) HIV-1 Nef inhibits ASK1-dependent death signalling providing a potential mechanism for protecting the infected host cell. Nature 410:834–838

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bays DH (2011) A New History of Christianity in China. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

DeSimone DW, Mecham RP (eds) (2013) Extracellular Matrix in Development. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Chang N, Terano T (2015) Mining Latent Attributes in Neighborhood for Recommender Systems. In: Mastorakis N, Bulucea A, Tsekouras G (eds) Computational Problems in Science and Engineering. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 129–140

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optimization and Engineering.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) How Ethiopian Highlanders Adapted To Their Low Oxygen Conditions. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/how-ethiopian-highlanders-adapted-their-low-oxygen-conditions/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015) Teacher Preparation Programs: Education Should Ensure States Identify Low-Performing Programs and Improve Information-Sharing. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Leung R (2014) The Effect of Mission Assurance on ELV Launch Success Rate: An Analysis of Two Management Systems for Launch Vehicles. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rutenberg J, Steel E, Koblin J (2016) Kisses and Fear for the Women From Fox News. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Holden 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Holden 2000; Cox and Bonner 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cox and Bonner 2001)
Three or more authors: (Geleziunas et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Optimization and Engineering
Abbreviation	Optim. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1389-4420
ISSN (online)	1573-2924
Scope	Software Aerospace Engineering Civil and Structural Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Mechanical Engineering Control and Optimization