How to format your references using the Ophthalmology Retina citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmology Retina. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Hanash S. Disease proteomics. Nature. 2003;422:226–232.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Brennan PA, Zufall F. Pheromonal communication in vertebrates. Nature. 2006;444:308–315.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Hastings MG, Jarvis JC, Steig EJ. Anthropogenic impacts on nitrogen isotopes of ice-core nitrate. Science. 2009;324:1288.

A journal article with 5 or more authors

1. Beatty GL, Chiorean EG, Fishman MP, et al. CD40 agonists alter tumor stroma and show efficacy against pancreatic carcinoma in mice and humans. Science. 2011;331:1612–1616.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Langley-Evans S. Nutrition, health and disease. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

1. Basner RC, Parthasarathy S eds. Nocturnal Non-Invasive Ventilation: Theory, Evidence, and Clinical Practice. 1st ed. 2015. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Rahimian J, Chen JCT, Girvigian MR, et al. Frame-Based and Frameless Accuracy of Novalis® Radiosurgery. In: De Salles AAF, Gorgulho A, Agazaryan N, et al., eds. Shaped Beam Radiosurgery: State of the Art. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011:37–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmology Retina.

Blog post

1. Andrew D.How Time-Poor Scientists Inadvertently Made It Seem Like The World Was Overrun With Jellyfish. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-timepoor-scientists-inadvertently-made-it-seem-like-the-world-was-overrun-with-jellyfish/ ; 2016 Accessed 30.10.18.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Automobile Weight and Safety. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Peng E. Teaching and Coaching Brazilian Jiujitsu: An Instructional Manual. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Shoumali K, Hubbard B. U.S. Strike on Syria Fuels Uncertainty on the Ground. New York Times. 2017:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmology Retina
ISSN (print)	2468-7219
ISSN (online)	2468-6530
Scope