How to format your references using the Ophthalmic Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmic Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gavaghan H. European industry turns to the academics to secure its future. Nature. 2000 Aug;406(6797):809–11.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cruz G, Lowe G. Neural coding of binary mixtures in a structurally related odorant pair. Sci Rep. 2013 Feb;3:1220.

A journal article with 3 authors

Connors M, Wiegert P, Veillet C. Earth’s Trojan asteroid. Nature. 2011 Jul;475(7357):481–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Tao T, Wang L, Fan C, Gao W. Development of self-control in children aged 3 to 9 years: perspective from a dual-systems model. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec;4:7272.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Graham L. Internal Control Audit and Compliance. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

Coventry BJ, editor. Peripheral, Head and Neck Surgery. London: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Habgood J, Overmars M. Target the Player: It’s Fun Being Squished. In: Overmars M, editor. The Game Maker’s Apprentice: Game Development for Beginners. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2006; pp 65–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmic Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Study Suggests Babies Only Remember Good Times [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Nov [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/study-suggests-babies-remember-good-times-not-bad/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: FAA Action Plan for Chicago O’Hare International Airport. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ly L. Performance Appraisal in a Family Business. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C. The Joy of a “Girl Racer” and a Wish for More. New York Times. 1998 Aug;810.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmic Research
Abbreviation	Ophthalmic Res.
ISSN (print)	0030-3747
ISSN (online)	1423-0259
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Sensory Systems