How to format your references using the Ophthalmic Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmic Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Carroll SB. Evolution. How great wings can look alike. Science. 2011 Aug;333(6046):1100–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Plug LJ, Werner BT. Nonlinear dynamics of ice-wedge networks and resulting sensitivity to severe cooling events. Nature. 2002 Jun;417(6892):929–33.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaczmarczyk A, Vorholt JA, Francez-Charlot A. Synthetic vanillate-regulated promoter for graded gene expression in Sphingomonas. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep;4:6453.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Werlen G, Hausmann B, Naeher D, Palmer E. Signaling life and death in the thymus: timing is everything. Science. 2003 Mar;299(5614):1859–63.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fisk P. Chemical Risk Assessment. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Hurst JL, Beynon RJ, Roberts SC, Wyatt TD, editors. Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 11. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Riewald M. Thrombin-Activated Protein C: Integrated to Regulate Vascular Physiology. In: Maragoudakis ME, Tsopanoglou NE, editors. Thrombin: Physiology and Disease. New York, NY: Springer; 2009; pp 63–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmic Research.

Blog post

Andrews R. The United Arab Emirates Want To Build An Artificial Mountain [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 May

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: INS Needs to Better Manage the Development of Its Enterprise Architecture. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chotkevys DL. A grounded theory study to explore how nurses overcome barriers to spiritual care. 2009

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J. Vintage ‘Glass Menagerie’ Performance Will Return to Air. New York Times. 2016 Dec;A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmic Research
Abbreviation	Ophthalmic Res.
ISSN (print)	0030-3747
ISSN (online)	1423-0259
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Sensory Systems