How to format your references using the Ophthalmic Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmic Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kirchner JW. Evolutionary speed limits inferred from the fossil record. Nature. 2002 Jan;415(6867):65–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Demaine LJ, Fellmeth AX. Patent law. Natural substances and patentable inventions. Science. 2003 May;300(5624):1375–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xiao S, Zhou C, Yuan X. Palaeontology: undressing and redressing Ediacaran embryos. Nature. 2007 Apr;446(7136):E9-10; discussion E10-1.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Fujioka K, Shibata A, Yokota T, Koda T, Nagasaka M, Yagi M, et al. Association of a vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphism with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in Japanese premature newborns. Sci Rep. 2014 Mar;4:4459.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Malpass DB. Introduction to Industrial Polyethylene. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Carsrud AL, Brännback M, editors. Understanding the Entrepreneurial Mind: Opening the Black Box. New York, NY: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Skevik K-A, Goebel V, Plagemann T. Design, Prototype, and Evaluation of a Network Monitoring Library. In: Rong C, Jaatun MG, Sandnes FE, Yang LT, Ma J, editors. Autonomic and Trusted Computing: 5th International Conference, ATC 2008, Oslo, Norway, June 23-25, 2008 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008; pp 21–35.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmic Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Infections Of The Mind: Why Anti-Vaxxers Just ‘Know’ They’re Right [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Mar [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/infections-mind-why-anti-vaxxers-just-know-they-re-right/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation-Disadvantaged Populations: Some Coordination Efforts Among Programs Providing Transportation Services, but Obstacles Persist. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kuqi K. A matrix-Based Method for Optimizing the User Interface Design of Electronic Medical Record Systems. 2013

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. New Rule Proposed for Valuing Public Pension Finances. New York Times. 2010 Jun;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmic Research
Abbreviation	Ophthalmic Res.
ISSN (print)	0030-3747
ISSN (online)	1423-0259
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Sensory Systems