How to format your references using the Ophthalmic Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmic Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Coppens P. Chemistry. A phase transition hidden in higher dimensions. Science. 2008 Jan;319(5859):41–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Goldsby DL, Tullis TE. Flash heating leads to low frictional strength of crustal rocks at earthquake slip rates. Science. 2011 Oct;334(6053):216–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sezen UU, Chazdon RL, Holsinger KE. Genetic consequences of tropical second-growth forest regeneration. Science. 2005 Feb;307(5711):891.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Earle MJ, Esperança JMSS, Gilea MA, Lopes JNC, Rebelo LPN, Magee JW, et al. The distillation and volatility of ionic liquids. Nature. 2006 Feb;439(7078):831–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wittcoff HA, Reuben BG, Plotkin JS. Industrial Organic Chemicals. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Londral AR, Encarnação P, Rovira JLP, editors. Neurotechnology, Electronics, and Informatics: Revised Selected Papers from Neurotechnix 2013. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Meijnen P, Peterse JL, van de Vijver MJ. DCIS: Pathology and Molecular Markers. In: Piccart MJ, Hung M-C, Solin LJ, Cardoso F, Wood WC, editors. Breast Cancer and Molecular Medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006; pp 97–123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmic Research.

Blog post

Fang J. New Tiniest Snail Smashes Month-Old World Record [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Nov [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-tiniest-snail-smashes-month-old-world-record/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Large Truck Safety: Federal Enforcement Efforts Have Been Stronger Since 2000, but Oversight of State Grants Needs Improvement. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Avila B. Comparison of paternal and maternal involvement in a government funded home-based intervention program: A multivariate analysis of parent gender, child gender and age of the child. 2013

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B. Crowd Lifts Frenchwoman. Now, Who Will Hoist a First Major Trophy? New York Times. 2017 Jun;D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmic Research
Abbreviation	Ophthalmic Res.
ISSN (print)	0030-3747
ISSN (online)	1423-0259
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Sensory Systems