How to format your references using the Ophthalmic Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmic Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Celotti A. Astronomy. Life after death. Science. 2008;321(5893):1164-1165.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zatorre RJ, Krumhansl CL. Neuroscience. Mental models and musical minds. Science. 2002;298(5601):2138-2139.

A journal article with 3 authors

Warrick DR, Tobalske BW, Powers DR. Aerodynamics of the hovering hummingbird. Nature. 2005;435(7045):1094-1097.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Bai X, Ma D, Liu A, et al. Rheb activates mTOR by antagonizing its endogenous inhibitor, FKBP38. Science. 2007;318(5852):977-980.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wang ZG. Internal Combustion Processes of Liquid Rocket Engines. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Jakushokas R. Power Distribution Networks with On-Chip Decoupling Capacitors. (Popovich M, Mezhiba AV, Köse S, Friedman EG, eds.). Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Mal S, Singh RB. Land Use and Cover Change. In: Singh RB, Hietala R, eds. Livelihood Security in Northwestern Himalaya: Case Studies from Changing Socio-Economic Environments in Himachal Pradesh, India. Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences. Springer Japan; 2014:41-51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmic Epidemiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Experimental Drug Kills Malaria Parasite In 2 Days. IFLScience. Published December 9, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/experimental-drug-kills-malaria-parasite-2-days/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Student Loans: Limited Information Is Available to Determine How Students’ College Debt Affects Their School and Lifestyle Decisions. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Meaux B. Effect of Formation Deformation on Casing Standoff in Highly Deviated and Horizontal Wells. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. Shania Twain Returns To Top of Album Chart. New York Times. October 9, 2017:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmic Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Ophthalmic Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0928-6586
ISSN (online)	1744-5086
Scope	Epidemiology Ophthalmology