How to format your references using the Ophthalmic Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmic Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spurgeon D. Scientists call for Canada to boost polar-shelf funding. Nature. 2003;421(6922):464.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jamison DT, Sandbu ME. Global health. WHO ranking of health system performance. Science. 2001;293(5535):1595-1596.

A journal article with 3 authors

Coyte KZ, Schluter J, Foster KR. The ecology of the microbiome: Networks, competition, and stability. Science. 2015;350(6261):663-666.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jaramillo C, Ochoa D, Contreras L, et al. Effects of rapid global warming at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary on neotropical vegetation. Science. 2010;330(6006):957-961.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nguyen T. Investing in the High Yield Municipal Market. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

Naccache D, ed. Cryptography and Security: From Theory to Applications: Essays Dedicated to Jean-Jacques Quisquater on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday. Vol 6805. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Baets KD, Landman NH, Tanabe K. Ammonoid Embryonic Development. In: Klug C, Korn D, De Baets K, Kruta I, Mapes RH, eds. Ammonoid Paleobiology: From Anatomy to Ecology. Topics in Geobiology. Springer Netherlands; 2015:113-205.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmic Epidemiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Genetic Link Between Autism And Better Cognitive Ability Found. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Next Generation Air Transportation System: FAA Faces Implementation Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gilman DG. Comparative Analysis of Corporate Culture in a Multinational Organization. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt LF. On the Curriculum, A Palette of Choices. New York Times. December 4, 2005:14LI20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmic Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Ophthalmic Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0928-6586
ISSN (online)	1744-5086
Scope	Epidemiology Ophthalmology