How to format your references using the Ophthalmic Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmic Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hardt WD. Antibiotics: Homed to the hideout. Nature. 2015;527(7578):309-310.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tan Y, Luo ZQ. Legionella pneumophila SidD is a deAMPylase that modifies Rab1. Nature. 2011;475(7357):506-509.

A journal article with 3 authors

Elf J, Li GW, Xie XS. Probing transcription factor dynamics at the single-molecule level in a living cell. Science. 2007;316(5828):1191-1194.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Igakura T, Stinchcombe JC, Goon PKC, et al. Spread of HTLV-I between lymphocytes by virus-induced polarization of the cytoskeleton. Science. 2003;299(5613):1713-1716.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schwedt G. Zuckersüße Chemie. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.

An edited book

Bargon J, Kuhn LT, eds. In Situ NMR Methods in Catalysis. Vol 276. Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Toma TSP, de Souza Mendonça M. Population Ecology of Galling Arthropods in the Neotropics. In: Fernandes GW, Santos JC, eds. Neotropical Insect Galls. Springer Netherlands; 2014:69-98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmic Epidemiology.

Blog post

Hale T. A Sneak Peak Of Inner City Leopards Hunting Pigs In “Planet Earth II.” IFLScience. December 7, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/a-sneak-peak-of-inner-city-leopards-hunting-pigs-in-planet-earth-ii/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA: Shuttle Fleet’s Safe Return to Flight Is Key to Space Station Progress. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Monteiro KR. An Experimental Study of Corrective Feedback on Synchronous Oral Computer-Mediated Communication. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Luongo MT. In Detroit, a Theater Establishes a Beat. New York Times. October 25, 2017:AR6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmic Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Ophthalmic Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	0928-6586
ISSN (online)	1744-5086
Scope	Epidemiology Ophthalmology