How to format your references using the Operations Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Operations Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dyson FJ (2012) History of science. Is science mostly driven by ideas or by tools? Science 338(6113):1426–1427.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bornholdt ZA, Prasad BVV (2008) X-ray structure of NS1 from a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus. Nature 456(7224):985–988.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nadler JW, Angelaki DE, DeAngelis GC (2008) A neural representation of depth from motion parallax in macaque visual cortex. Nature 452(7187):642–645.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Katsuki H, Chiba H, Girard B, Meier C, Ohmori K (2006) Visualizing picometric quantum ripples of ultrafast wave-packet interference. Science 311(5767):1589–1592.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pagliaro LA, Pagliaro AM (2011) Handbook of Child and Adolescent Drug and Substance Abuse (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ).

An edited book

Parsyan A ed. (2014) Translation and Its Regulation in Cancer Biology and Medicine (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht).

A chapter in an edited book

Lourenço R, Lourenço N, Horta N (2015) Kernel Validation Using CEC2009 Benchmarks. Lourenço N, Horta N, eds. AIDA-CMK: Multi-Algorithm Optimization Kernel Applied to Analog IC Sizing. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. (Springer International Publishing, Cham), 43–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Operations Research.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Watch These Droplets Of Water Get Blown Up By A Laser. IFLScience. Retrieved (October 30, 2018), https://www.iflscience.com/technology/watch-these-movies-droplets-getting-blown-laser/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1978) Challenges of Protecting Personal Information in an Expanding Federal Computer Network Environment (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Robinson-Scott D (2010) Policy analysis of the Chafee Foster Care Independence Act of 1999. Doctoral dissertation. (California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY JC Jr (2016) Hip-Hop Artist, Accused of Being a Gang Leader, Pleads Guilty to Conspiracy and Weapons Charges. New York Times (September 10).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dyson 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Bornholdt and Prasad 2008, Dyson 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bornholdt and Prasad 2008)
Three or more authors: (Katsuki et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Operations Research
Abbreviation	Oper. Res.
ISSN (print)	0030-364X
ISSN (online)	1526-5463
Scope	Computer Science Applications Management Science and Operations Research