How to format your references using the Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bignami G. Why we need space travel. Nature. 2009 Jul;460(7253):325.

A journal article with 2 authors

Elbaz D, Cesarsky CJ. A fossil record of galaxy encounters. Science. 2003 Apr;300(5617):270–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dehaene-Lambertz G, Dehaene S, Hertz-Pannier L. Functional neuroimaging of speech perception in infants. Science. 2002 Dec;298(5600):2013–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Milner JJ, Toma C, Yu B, Zhang K, Omilusik K, Phan AT, et al. Runx3 programs CD8+ T cell residency in non-lymphoid tissues and tumours. Nature. 2017 Dec;552(7684):253–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Safe Automation of Chemical Processes. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1993.

An edited book

Ghatak KP. Photoemission from Optoelectronic Materials and their Nanostructures. New York, NY: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Aschieri F, Zorzi M. Non-determinism, Non-termination and the Strong Normalization of System T. In: Hasegawa M, editor. Typed Lambda Calculi and Applications: 11th International Conference, TLCA 2013, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, June 26-28, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013; pp 31–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Oncology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Peanut The Turtle Still Alive And Saving The World’s Oceans [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Jun [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/peanut-turtle-still-alive-and-saving-worlds-oceans/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Student Loans: Improvements in the Direct Loan Consolidation Process. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hsieh H-C. Self-access center and autonomous learning: EFL college students’ motivations, activities and perceptions of learning effectiveness. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG. George Takei’s Life, as a Graphic Novel. New York Times. 2017 Mar;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Oncology
Abbreviation	Oncology
ISSN (print)	0030-2414
ISSN (online)	1423-0232
Scope	Cancer Research General Medicine Oncology

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