How to format your references using the Ocean Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ocean Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nogrady, B.: Neurobiology: life beyond the pain, Nature, 515, S8-9, 2014.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cheng, G. and Zheng, S.-Y.: Construction of a high-performance magnetic enzyme nanosystem for rapid tryptic digestion, Sci. Rep., 4, 6947, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ochman, H., Lawrence, J. G., and Groisman, E. A.: Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation, Nature, 405, 299–304, 2000.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Polovinkin, L., Hassaine, G., Perot, J., Neumann, E., Jensen, A. A., Lefebvre, S. N., Corringer, P.-J., Neyton, J., Chipot, C., Dehez, F., Schoehn, G., and Nury, H.: Conformational transitions of the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor, Nature, 563, 275–279, 2018.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Worth, S. M.: The Association Guide to Going Global, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

Perenzoni, M. and Paul, D. J. (Eds.): Physics and Applications of Terahertz Radiation, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, VIII, 255 p. 172 illus., 45 illus. in color pp., 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Mazurett-Boyle, R.: Researching Our Way, in: Self-Study and Diversity II: Inclusive Teacher Education for a Diverse World, edited by: Kitchen, J., Tidwell, D., and Fitzgerald, L., SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 55–77, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ocean Science.

Blog post

Why Do We Have Nightmares?

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Information Technology: INS Needs to Better Manage the Development of Its Enterprise Architecture, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alsaadi, A.: Smart smoke and fire detection with wireless and global system for mobile technology, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Miranda, L.-M.: Stephen Sondheim, New York Times, 16th October, M2143, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nogrady, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Cheng and Zheng, 2014; Nogrady, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cheng and Zheng, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Polovinkin et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ocean Science
Abbreviation	Ocean Sci.
ISSN (print)	1812-0784
ISSN (online)	1812-0792
Scope	Oceanography Palaeontology