How to format your references using the Ocean Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ocean Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sarewitz, D.: World view: Defending democracy, Nature, 465, 546, 2010.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gronke, K. and Diefenbach, A.: Regenerative biology: Innate immunity repairs gut lining, Nature, 528, 488–489, 2015.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tellis, J. C., Primer, D. N., and Molander, G. A.: Dual catalysis. Single-electron transmetalation in organoboron cross-coupling by photoredox/nickel dual catalysis, Science, 345, 433–436, 2014.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Wang, R., Iwakura, Y., Araki, K., Keino-Masu, K., Masu, M., Wang, X.-Y., Takei, N., Higashiyama, S., and Nawa, H.: ErbB2 dephosphorylation and anti-proliferative effects of neuregulin-1 in ErbB2-overexpressing cells; re-evaluation of their low-affinity interaction, Sci. Rep., 3, 1402, 2013.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Unhelkar, B.: Verification and Validation for Quality of UML 2.0 Models, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2005.

An edited book

Izmailov, I.: Cryptology Transmitted Message Protection: From Deterministic Chaos up to Optical Vortices, edited by: Poizner, B., Romanov, I., and Smolskiy, S., Springer International Publishing, Cham, XXVIII, 364 p. 225 illus., 19 illus. in color pp., 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Shrivastava, P., Gupta, U., Jain, T., Trivedi, V. B., and Kakkar, S.: Genetic Portrait of Bhil Tribe of Central India Based on Autosomal and X STR Loci, in: Next Generation DNA Led Technologies, edited by: Avadhanam, S., Jyothsna, G., and Kashyap, A., Springer, Singapore, 27–34, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ocean Science.

Blog post

Why Are Cats So Insanely Afraid Of Cucumbers? https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cats-are-completely-terrified-cucumbers-why/, last access: 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Information Technology: DHS Needs to Enhance Management of Major Investments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alvarez, C.: Support groups for children of depressed parents: A grant proposal, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B.: Returning Home, and All’s Not Well, New York Times, 17th October, C1, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sarewitz, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Gronke and Diefenbach, 2015; Sarewitz, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gronke and Diefenbach, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ocean Science
Abbreviation	Ocean Sci.
ISSN (print)	1812-0784
ISSN (online)	1812-0792
Scope	Oceanography Palaeontology