How to format your references using the Journal of Population Ageing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Population Ageing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maddox, B. (2003). The double helix and the “wronged heroine.” Nature, 421(6921), 407–408.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang, Y., & Pfeiffer, J. K. (2014). Microbiology: a backup for bacteria. Nature, 516(7529), 42–43.

A journal article with 3 authors

McQuibban, G. A., Saurya, S., & Freeman, M. (2003). Mitochondrial membrane remodelling regulated by a conserved rhomboid protease. Nature, 423(6939), 537–541.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Torrelles, J. M., Patel, N. A., Gómez, J. F., Ho, P. T., Rodríguez, L. F., Anglada, G., et al. (2001). Spherical episodic ejection of material from a young star. Nature, 411(6835), 277–280.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bi, J. (2015). Sensory Discrimination Tests and Measurements. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Farzaneh, M. (Ed.). (2008). Atmospheric Icing of Power Networks (1st ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Gemzöe, L. (2016). Working the Way to Santiago de Compostela: Masculinities and Spiritualities of Capitalism. In L. Gemzöe, M.-L. Keinänen, & A. Maddrell (Eds.), Contemporary Encounters in Gender and Religion: European Perspectives (pp. 77–101). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Population Ageing.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2015, October 7). Astronomers Create A “Habitability Index” To Guide Future Exoplanet Studies. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-assign-habitability-index-guide-future-telescopes/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). Space Research: Content and Coordination of Space Science and Technology Strategy Need to Be More Robust (No. GAO-11-722). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kostenbader, T. C. (2015). Analyzing students’ attitudes towards science during inquiry-based lessons (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

McKINLEY, J. C., Jr. (2017, October 12). Prosecutor Declined To Pursue Allegations. New York Times, p. A18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Maddox 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Maddox 2003; Wang and Pfeiffer 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wang and Pfeiffer 2014)
Three or more authors: (Torrelles et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Population Ageing
Abbreviation	J. Popul. Ageing
ISSN (print)	1874-7884
ISSN (online)	1874-7876
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development Sociology and Political Science Demography

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