How to format your references using the Ocean Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ocean Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Patten, Lord, 2006. Europe pays the price for spending less. Nature 441, 691–693.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fox, B.A., Bzik, D.J., 2002. De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is required for virulence of Toxoplasma gondii. Nature 415, 926–929.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schoffelen, J.-M., Oostenveld, R., Fries, P., 2005. Neuronal coherence as a mechanism of effective corticospinal interaction. Science 308, 111–113.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Takaoka, Y., Goto, S., Nakano, T., Tseng, H.-P., Yang, S.-M., Kawamoto, S., Ono, K., Chen, C.-L., 2014. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced, sepsis-related severe acute lung injury in mice. Sci. Rep. 4, 5204.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Benmammar, B., Amraoui, A., 2013. Radio Resource Allocation and Dynamic Spectrum Access. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA.

An edited book

Barjis, J., Pergl, R., Babkin, E. (Eds.), 2015. Enterprise and Organizational Modeling and Simulation: 11th International Workshop, EOMAS 2015, Held at CAiSE 2015, Stockholm, Sweden, June 8-9, 2015, Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Lindop, J., Treece, G., Gee, A., Prager, R., 2009. Dynamic Resolution Selection in Strain Imaging, in: Akiyama, I. (Ed.), Acoustical Imaging, Acoustical Imaging. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 33–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ocean Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Ancient Beetle Discovered To Be Oldest Example Of Ant Social Parasitism [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ancient-beetle-discovered-be-oldest-example-social-parasitism/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1986. [Review of DOD Programs Funded With R&D Appropriations] (No. B-220682). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kelleher, A., 2017. Gendered Intent to Turnover Resulting from Workplace Bullying in Nursing and Medical Fields (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M., 1992. Insult My Mom, Please. New York Times A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Patten, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Fox and Bzik, 2002; Patten, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fox and Bzik, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Takaoka et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ocean Engineering
Abbreviation	Ocean Eng.
ISSN (print)	0029-8018
Scope	Ocean Engineering Environmental Engineering