How to format your references using the Obesity Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Obesity Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. In the picture. Nature. 2005;434:251.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Karki BB, Stixrude LP. Viscosity of MgSiO3 liquid at Earth’s mantle conditions: implications for an early magma ocean. Science. 2010;328:740–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Wohlgemuth S, Ronacher B, Wehner R. Ant odometry in the third dimension. Nature. 2001;411:795–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Casellas R, Shih TA, Kleinewietfeld M, Rakonjac J, Nemazee D, Rajewsky K, et al. Contribution of receptor editing to the antibody repertoire. Science. 2001;291:1541–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Marston RC. Portfolio Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Muntean T, Poulakis D, Rolland R, editors. Algebraic Informatics: 5th International Conference, CAI 2013, Porquerolles, France, September 3-6, 2013. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Papadimitriou CH. The Computation of Equilibria. In: Deng X, Graham FC, editors. Internet and Network Economics: Third International Workshop, WINE 2007, San Diego, CA, USA, December 12-14, 2007 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 5–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Obesity Surgery.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Terminator-Style 3D Printer Materializes Objects From Pools Of Liquid [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/terminator-style-3d-printer-materializes-objects-pools-liquid/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Information Systems Remain Highly Vulnerable to Fraudulent, Wasteful, Abusive, and Illegal Practices. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982 Apr. Report No.: MASAD-82-18.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Martinez Abadia JM. French for Spanish speakers: A contrastive study of English monolingual, bilingual, and plurilingual adult learners of French [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Feeney K. A World of Ways To Get That Grilled Taste. New York Times. 2009 Nov 15;NJ11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Obesity Surgery
Abbreviation	Obes. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0960-8923
ISSN (online)	1708-0428
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Surgery Nutrition and Dietetics

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