How to format your references using the Obesity Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Obesity Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Smaglik P. And sets up a body to oversee trials. Nature. 2000;405:607.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Discher DE, Eisenberg A. Polymer vesicles. Science. 2002;297:967–73.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kikushima K, Kita S, Higuchi H. A non-invasive imaging for the in vivo tracking of high-speed vesicle transport in mouse neutrophils. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1913.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Poldrack RA, Clark J, Paré-Blagoev EJ, Shohamy D, Creso Moyano J, Myers C, et al. Interactive memory systems in the human brain. Nature. 2001;414:546–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Chu PP. Embedded SoPC Design with Nios II Processor and VHDL Examples. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Norris JE, Stokes A, Mickovski SB, Cammeraat E, Beek R van, Nicoll BC, et al., editors. Slope Stability and Erosion Control: Ecotechnological Solutions. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Isikman SO, Bishara W, Mudanyali O, Su T-W, Tseng D, Ozcan A. Lensfree Computational Microscopy Tools for On-Chip Imaging of Biochips. In: Issadore D, Westervelt RM, editors. Point-of-Care Diagnostics on a Chip. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 71–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Obesity Surgery.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Second Longest Insect In The World Discovered In Vietnam [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/second-longest-insect-world-discovered-vietnam/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. HHS Ability To Effectively Implement Incentive Funding for State Information Systems in the Aid to Families With Dependent Children Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981 Jun. Report No.: HRD-81-119.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Buckley MK. A study of at-risk students’ perceptions of an online academic credit recovery program in an urban North Texas independent school district [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Schwartz J. Picking a Portfolio With Pokéballs. New York Times. 2016 Oct 14;BU19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Obesity Surgery
Abbreviation	Obes. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0960-8923
ISSN (online)	1708-0428
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Surgery Nutrition and Dietetics

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