How to format your references using the Modern Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Modern Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jonas, D. M. Chemistry. Optical analogs of 2D NMR. Science 300, 1515–1517 (2003).

A journal article with 2 authors

Pattabiraman, V. R. & Bode, J. W. Rethinking amide bond synthesis. Nature 480, 471–479 (2011).

A journal article with 3 authors

Moray, C., Game, E. T. & Maxted, N. Prioritising in situ conservation of crop resources: a case study of African cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Sci. Rep. 4, 5247 (2014).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Huppert, S. S., Le, A., Schroeter, E. H., Mumm, J. S., Saxena, M. T., Milner, L. A. et al. Embryonic lethality in mice homozygous for a processing-deficient allele of Notch1. Nature 405, 966–970 (2000).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saadoun, A. P. Esthetic Soft Tissue Management of Teeth and Implants. (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., 2012).

An edited book

Pollutants in Buildings, Water and Living Organisms. vol. 7 (Springer International Publishing, 2015).

A chapter in an edited book

Sachithanadam, M. & Joshi, S. C. Microstructural Analysis. in Silica Aerogel Composites: Novel Fabrication Methods (ed. Joshi, S. C.) 37–50 (Springer, 2016).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Modern Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Why Are We Still Searching For The Loch Ness Monster? IFLScience https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/why-are-we-still-searching-loch-ness-monster/ (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. High Speed Passenger Rail: Future Development Will Depend on Addressing Financial and Other Challenges and Establishing a Clear Federal Role. (2009).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kilpatrick, R. F. A World Less Paved. (California State University, Long Beach, 2010).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J., Grynbaum, M. M. & Maheshwari, S. NBC Woos Advertisers With Megyn Kelly, Its New Morning Anchor. New York Times B5 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Modern Pathology
Abbreviation	Mod. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0893-3952
ISSN (online)	1530-0285
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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