How to format your references using the Obesity Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Obesity Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Sheppard CRC. Predicted recurrences of mass coral mortality in the Indian Ocean. Nature. 2003;425:294–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Megens M, Aizenberg J. Capillary attraction: like-charged particles at liquid interfaces. Nature. 2003;424:1014; discussion 1014.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ha Y. Crystal structure of a rhomboid family intramembrane protease. Nature. 2006;444:179–80.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Hayden SM, Mook HA, Dai P, Perring TG, Doğan F. The structure of the high-energy spin excitations in a high-transition-temperature superconductor. Nature. 2004;429:531–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Walker A. Solar Energy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Dillenbourg P, Huang J, Cherubini M, editors. Interactive Artifacts and Furniture Supporting Collaborative Work and Learning. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Heimrich T, Reichelt K, Rusch H, Sattler K-U, Schröder T. Modelling and Streaming Spatiotemporal Audio Data. In: Meersman R, Tari Z, Herrero P, editors. On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005: OTM 2005 Workshops: OTM Confederated Internationl Workshops and Posters, AWeSOMe, CAMS, GADA, MIOS+INTEROP, ORM, PhDS, SeBGIS, SWWS, and WOSE 2005, Agia Napa, Cyprus, October 31 - November 4, 2005 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. p. 7–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Obesity Surgery.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. Kids Who Watch Porn Won’t Necessarily Turn Into Sex Offenders. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Review of the High Speed Antiradiation Missile Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981 Feb. Report No.: C-MASAD-81–7.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Bryant TL. The Influence of High School Preparation on Black Male Students’ Ability to Succeed at the Post-Secondary Level [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Schwartz J, Schlossberg T. Little Debating a Climate Divide. New York Times. 2016 Oct 17;D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Obesity Surgery
Abbreviation	Obes. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0960-8923
ISSN (online)	1708-0428
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Surgery Nutrition and Dietetics