How to format your references using the Obesity Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Obesity Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Okasha S. Altruism researchers must cooperate. Nature. 2010;467:653–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Habibi MK, Lu Y. Crack propagation in bamboo’s hierarchical cellular structure. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5598.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. O’Connor S, Ono R, Clarkson C. Pelagic fishing at 42,000 years before the present and the maritime skills of modern humans. Science. 2011;334:1117–21.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Sato C, Ueno Y, Asai K, Takahashi K, Sato M, Engel A, et al. The voltage-sensitive sodium channel is a bell-shaped molecule with several cavities. Nature. 2001;409:1047–51.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Neward T, Erickson AC, Crowell T, Minerich R. Professional F# 2.0. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Mukhopadhyay SC, editor. New Developments in Sensing Technology for Structural Health Monitoring. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Parkhill R, Belton V, Bititci U, Roberts A, Smith M. Using Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis to Aid the Selection of Enterprise Resource Planning Software: A Case Study. In: Howlett RJ, editor. Innovation through Knowledge Transfer. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 39–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Obesity Surgery.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Ancient Human Skull May Help Explain The Origin Of Neanderthals [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/ancient-human-skull-may-help-explain-the-origin-of-neanderthals/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Export Controls: International Space Station Technology Transfers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Nov. Report No.: NSIAD-00-14.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Urquidi AJ. Condolences to all of you: Late eulogies of a half-complacent birthday boy [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Goldstein M, Protess B. Outline Fails to Mention Loophole for the Very Rich. New York Times. 2017 Apr 27;A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Obesity Surgery
Abbreviation	Obes. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0960-8923
ISSN (online)	1708-0428
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Surgery Nutrition and Dietetics