How to format your references using the Nursing Outlook citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nursing Outlook. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Massagué, J. (2004). G1 cell-cycle control and cancer. Nature, 432(7015), 298–306.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wolf, D., & Goff, S. P. (2009). Embryonic stem cells use ZFP809 to silence retroviral DNAs. Nature, 458(7242), 1201–1204.

A journal article with 3 authors

Otto, A., White, J. D., & Simoneit, B. R. T. (2002). Natural product terpenoids in Eocene and Miocene conifer fossils. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5586), 1543–1545.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wang, X., Zhuang, J., Peng, Q., & Li, Y. (2005). A general strategy for nanocrystal synthesis. Nature, 437(7055), 121–124.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bonneau, D., Fatu, A., & Souchet, D. (2014). Mixed Lubrication in Hydrodynamic Bearings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Simon, R. I. (2014). Valutazione e gestione della violenza: Manuale per operatori della salute mentale (K. Tardiff, Ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Werth, G., Gheorghe, V. N., & Major, F. G. (2009). Optical Spectroscopy. In V. N. Gheorghe & F. G. Major (Eds.), Charged Particle Traps II: Applications (pp. 129–159). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nursing Outlook.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2017, January 17). Gene Cernan, The Last Person To Set Foot On The Moon, Dies At 82. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1986). [Comments on Effect of P.L. 99-177 on Teacher Loan Cancellation Program] (B-221498.13). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cruz, A. A. (2009). Concordance between therapists’ self -reports and observers’ ratings of adherence to marital therapy [Doctoral dissertation]. Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Donadio, R. (2017, January 29). Visa Ban Leaves Artists in Limbo. New York Times, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Massagué, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Massagué, 2004; Wolf & Goff, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wolf & Goff, 2009)
Three authors: (Otto et al., 2002)
6 or more authors: (Wang et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Nursing Outlook
Abbreviation	Nurs. Outlook
ISSN (print)	0029-6554
Scope	General Nursing