How to format your references using the Nurse Leader citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nurse Leader. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

McCaffrey R. Geophysics. The next great earthquake. Science. 2007;315(5819):1675-1676.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tester M, Langridge P. Breeding technologies to increase crop production in a changing world. Science. 2010;327(5967):818-822.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ammon CJ, Kanamori H, Lay T. A great earthquake doublet and seismic stress transfer cycle in the central Kuril islands. Nature. 2008;451(7178):561-565.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Li Y, Zhong Y, Zhang J, et al. Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity of a chalcogenide electronic synapse for neuromorphic systems. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4906.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Qiu X, Ding C, Hu D. Bistatic SAR Data Processing Algorithms. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.; 2013.

An edited book

Biagini F. Elementi Di Probabilità e Statistica. (Campanino M, ed.). Springer; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Duan H. Trust Building and Management for Online File Storage Service. In: Lee C, Seigneur JM, Park JJ, Wagner RR, eds. Secure and Trust Computing, Data Management, and Applications: STA 2011 Workshops: IWCS 2011 and STAVE 2011, Loutraki, Greece, June 28-30, 2011. Proceedings. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer; 2011:31-40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nurse Leader.

Blog post

Davis J. Bleaching Of The Great Barrier Reef Seen From Space. IFLScience. May 29, 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. High Risk: Actions Needed to Address Serious Weaknesses in Federal Management of Programs Serving Indian Tribes. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shlapak A. Mental Health of Foster Youth in Ventura County. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Traub J. Think Locally, Act Locally. New York Times. October 11, 2017:BR19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Nurse Leader
Abbreviation	Nurse Lead.
ISSN (print)	1541-4612
Scope	Leadership and Management