How to format your references using the Nucleic Acids Research - Web Server Issue citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nucleic Acids Research - Web Server Issue. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Crim,F.F. (2007) Chemistry. Making energy count. Science, 316, 1707–1708.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588919

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Cha,R.S. and Kleckner,N. (2002) ATR homolog Mec1 promotes fork progression, thus averting breaks in replication slow zones. Science, 297, 602–606.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142538

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Cai,Y., Zhang,G. and Zhang,Y.-W. (2014) Layer-dependent band alignment and work function of few-layer phosphorene. Sci. Rep., 4, 6677.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4202206

A journal article with 11 or more authors

1. Russell,R.J., Haire,L.F., Stevens,D.J., Collins,P.J., Lin,Y.P., Blackburn,G.M., Hay,A.J., Gamblin,S.J. and Skehel,J.J. (2006) The structure of H5N1 avian influenza neuraminidase suggests new opportunities for drug design. Nature, 443, 45–49.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16915235

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Minelli,M., Chambers,M. and Dhiraj,A. (2013) Big Data, Big Analytics John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

1. Ghodssi,R. and Lin,P. eds. (2011) MEMS Materials and Processes Handbook Springer US, Boston, MA.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Rodrigues,E.R. and Achcar,J.A. (2013) Modeling the Time Between Ozone Exceedances. In Achcar,J.A. (ed), Applications of Discrete-time Markov Chains and Poisson Processes to Air Pollution Modeling and Studies, SpringerBriefs in Mathematics. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 65–78.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nucleic Acids Research - Web Server Issue.

Blog post

1. Andrew,D. (2017) A Hidden Code In Our DNA Explains How New Pieces Of Genes Are Made. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office (2005) Highway Congestion: Intelligent Transportation Systems’ Promise for Managing Congestion Falls Short, and DOT Could Better Facilitate Their Strategic Use U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Eng,R. (2014) Exploring Investors’ Decision Making Processes During the 2008 Financial Crisis Using Epstein’s Cognitive Experiential Self-Theory: A Multiple-case Study.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Stewart,J.B. (2017) Questions of Judgment Engulf Barclays’ Chief. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1, 2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Nucleic Acids Research - Web Server Issue
Abbreviation	Nucleic Acids Res.
ISSN (print)	0305-1048
ISSN (online)	1362-4962
Scope	Genetics