How to format your references using the North American Journal of Economics and Finance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for North American Journal of Economics and Finance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lal, R. (2004). Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5677), 1623–1627.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rettig, J., & Neher, E. (2002). Emerging roles of presynaptic proteins in Ca++-triggered exocytosis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 298(5594), 781–785.

A journal article with 3 authors

Xu, B., Wang, Q., & Tian, Y. (2013). Bulk modulus for polar covalent crystals. Scientific Reports, 3, 3068.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Schwarz, D., Matta, B. M., Shakir-Botteri, N. L., & McPheron, B. A. (2005). Host shift to an invasive plant triggers rapid animal hybrid speciation. Nature, 436(7050), 546–549.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cook, H. F. (2017). The Protection and Conservation of Water Resources. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Quirk, T. J. (2013). Excel 2010 for Physical Sciences Statistics: A Guide to Solving Practical Problems (M. Quirk & H. Horton, Eds.). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Atmanspacher, H. (2006). A Semiotic Approach to Complex Systems. In R. Köhler (Ed.), Aspects of Automatic Text Analysis (pp. 79–91). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for North American Journal of Economics and Finance.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2017, May 9). Scientists Spot Rare “Dragon-Skin” In Antarctica. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Indoor Mold: Ongoing and Recently Completed Federal Research Activities (GAO-08-984SP, September 2008), an E-supplement to GAO-08-980 (GAO-08-984SP). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Beck, J. (2010). Community based human trafficking awareness program: A grant proposal project [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2011, April 1). Minaya Still Watches the Mets, Who Failed on His Watch. New York Times, B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lal, 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Lal, 2004; Rettig & Neher, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rettig & Neher, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Schwarz et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	North American Journal of Economics and Finance
ISSN (print)	1062-9408
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Finance