How to format your references using the Nigerian Journal Of Physiological Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nigerian Journal Of Physiological Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clark, J. S. (2010). Individuals and the variation needed for high species diversity in forest trees. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5969), 1129–1132.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hoshi, T., & Lahiri, S. (2004). Cell biology. Oxygen sensing: it’s a gas! Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5704), 2050–2051.

A journal article with 3 authors

Brown, M. S., Ye, J., & Goldstein, J. L. (2010). Medicine. HDL miR-ed down by SREBP introns. Science (New York, N.Y.), 328(5985), 1495–1496.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lizarralde, D., Gaherty, J. B., Collins, J. A., Hirth, G., & Kim, S. D. (2004). Spreading-rate dependence of melt extraction at mid-ocean ridges from mantle seismic refraction data. Nature, 432(7018), 744–747.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Flood, J. M. (2014). Practitioner’s Guide to GAAS 2014. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Alkassar, A., & Volkamer, M. (Eds.). (2007). E-Voting and Identity: First International Conference, VOTE-ID 2007, Bochum, Germany, October 4-5, 2007, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 4896). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Iizuka, M., Roje, P., & Vera, V. (2016). The Development of Salmon Aquaculture in Chile into an Internationally Competitive Industry: 1985–2007. In A. Hosono, M. Iizuka, & J. Katz (Eds.), Chile’s Salmon Industry: Policy Challenges in Managing Public Goods (pp. 75–107). Springer Japan.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nigerian Journal Of Physiological Sciences.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, June 17). Old Drug Reverses Autism-Like Symptoms in Mice. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/old-metabolism-drug-reverses-autism-symptoms-mice/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1978). Crop Forecasting by Satellite: Progress and Problems (PSAD-78-52). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Best, M. L. (2013). Assistant Principals and Reform: A Socialization Paradox? [Doctoral dissertation]. University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Oestreich, J. R. (2017, June 7). Aiding and Abetting Operatic Dabblers. New York Times, C6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clark, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Clark, 2010; Hoshi & Lahiri, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hoshi & Lahiri, 2004)
Three authors: (Brown et al., 2010)
6 or more authors: (Lizarralde et al., 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Nigerian Journal Of Physiological Sciences
Abbreviation	Niger. J. Physiol. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0794-859X
Scope	General Medicine