How to format your references using the Nigerian Journal Of Physiological Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nigerian Journal Of Physiological Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hauser, M. D. (2005). Natural history. Beyond the chimpanzee genome: the threat of extinction. Science (New York, N.Y.), 309(5740), 1498–1499.

A journal article with 2 authors

Furukawa, N., & Mima, J. (2014). Multiple and distinct strategies of yeast SNAREs to confer the specificity of membrane fusion. Scientific Reports, 4, 4277.

A journal article with 3 authors

Harris, G. C., Wimmer, M., & Aston-Jones, G. (2005). A role for lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward seeking. Nature, 437(7058), 556–559.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Zhao, Q., Zhou, H., Chi, S., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Geng, J., Wu, K., Liu, W., Zhang, T., Dong, M.-Q., Wang, J., Li, X., & Xiao, B. (2018). Author Correction: Structure and mechanogating mechanism of the Piezo1 channel. Nature, 563(7730), E19.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

de Klerk, A. (2011). Fischer-Tropsch Refining. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Schlaad, H. (Ed.). (2013). Bio-synthetic Polymer Conjugates (Vol. 253). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Upton, D., & Upton, P. (2015). Quality of Life and Well-Being. In P. Upton (Ed.), Psychology of Wounds and Wound Care in Clinical Practice (pp. 85–111). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nigerian Journal Of Physiological Sciences.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, June 8). Sea Snakes Have A Unique Sense For Detecting Underwater Movement. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1977). The Summer Feeding Program: How to Feed the Children and Stop Program Abuses (CED-77-59). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Khatib, E. (2010). A phenomenological study on the potential impact of implementing information systems in midsize corporations [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. (2017, January 6). Into a World of Fantasy, Where the Sorcerers Take Center Stage. New York Times, C8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hauser, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Furukawa & Mima, 2014; Hauser, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Furukawa & Mima, 2014)
Three authors: (Harris et al., 2005)
6 or more authors: (Zhao et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Nigerian Journal Of Physiological Sciences
Abbreviation	Niger. J. Physiol. Sci.
ISSN (print)	0794-859X
Scope	General Medicine