How to format your references using the New Testament Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for New Testament Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Graf, P. ‘Hive beetle causes a buzz in Europe’. Nature 423, no. 6942 (2003): 793.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rohde, R. A., and R. A. Muller. ‘Cycles in fossil diversity’. Nature 434, no. 7030 (2005): 208–10.

A journal article with 3 authors

Psaltis, D., S. R. Quake, and C. Yang. ‘Developing optofluidic technology through the fusion of microfluidics and optics’. Nature 442, no. 7101 (2006): 381–86.

A journal article with 10 or more authors

Muellbacher, W., U. Ziemann, J. Wissel, N. Dang, M. Kofler, S. Facchini, B. Boroojerdi, W. Poewe, and M. Hallett. ‘Early consolidation in human primary motor cortex’. Nature 415, no. 6872 (2002): 640–44.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cretu, O., R. Stewart, and T. Berends. Risk Management for Design and Construction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

Wang, Z. MicroRNA Expression Detection Methods. Edited by B. Yang. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Wachnik, B. ‘Moral Hazard in IT Project Completion. An Analysis of Supplier and Client Behavior in Polish and German Enterprises’. Pages 77–90 in Information Technology for Management: Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, ISM 2015 and AITM 2015, Lodz, Poland, September 2015, Revised Selected Papers. Edited by E. Ziemba. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for New Testament Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. ‘Astronomers directly image a filament of the “cosmic web” for the first time’. IFLScience. IFLScience, January 21, 2014. No pages. Cited 30 October 2018. Online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-directly-image-filament-“cosmic-web”-first-time/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: FAA’s Advanced Automation System Contract. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, March 5, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Winter, J. M. ‘Investigating the biosynthesis of halogenated meroterpenoid natural products from marine actinomycetes’. Doctoral dissertation, La Jolla, CA: University of California San Diego, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Branch, J. ‘The Science Behind the Squeak’. New York Times, March 17, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	New Testament Studies
Abbreviation	New Testam. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0028-6885
ISSN (online)	1469-8145
Scope	History Religious studies