How to format your references using the New Forests citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for New Forests. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Holden C (2007) Stem cells. Data on Adult stem cells questioned. Science 315:1207

A journal article with 2 authors

Merikangas KR, Risch N (2003) Genomic priorities and public health. Science 302:599–601

A journal article with 3 authors

Semmann D, Krambeck H-J, Milinski M (2003) Volunteering leads to rock-paper-scissors dynamics in a public goods game. Nature 425:390–393

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Thewissen JG, Williams EM, Roe LJ, Hussain ST (2001) Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls. Nature 413:277–281

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Meyer VR (2013) Pitfalls and Errors of HPLC in Pictures. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Gong Z, Luo X, Chen J, et al (eds) (2011) Web Information Systems and Mining: International Conference, WISM 2011, Taiyuan, China, September 24-25, 2011, Proceedings, Part I. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Lefteriu S, Antoulas AC (2010) A New Adaptive Approach to Modeling Measured Multi-Port Scattering Parameters. In: Roos J, Costa LRJ (eds) Scientific Computing in Electrical Engineering SCEE 2008. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 21–28

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for New Forests.

Blog post

Andrew E (2016) Can Paedophilia Really Be Cured With Drugs? In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015) Women in STEM Research: Better Data and Information Sharing Could Improve Oversight of Federal Grant-making and Title IX Compliance. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gonzalez ER (2015) Technology and adiposity: Effects of television time, video or computer game time, and computer use on body fat among Latino youth. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly E (1997) Children’s Books. New York Times 729

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Holden 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Merikangas and Risch 2003; Holden 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Merikangas and Risch 2003)
Three or more authors: (Thewissen et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	New Forests
Abbreviation	New Forests
ISSN (print)	0169-4286
ISSN (online)	1573-5095
Scope	Forestry