How to format your references using the New Forests citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for New Forests. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reich PB (2009) Elevated CO2 reduces losses of plant diversity caused by nitrogen deposition. Science 326:1399–1402

A journal article with 2 authors

Inchausti P, Halley J (2001) Investigating long-term ecological variability using the Global Population Dynamics Database. Science 293:655–657

A journal article with 3 authors

Schaedler TA, Jacobsen AJ, Carter WB (2013) Materials science. Toward lighter, stiffer materials. Science 341:1181–1182

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bulmer JS, Martens J, Kurzepa L, et al (2014) Microwave conductivity of sorted CNT assemblies. Sci Rep 4:3762

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhang PG, Chan T (2011) The Chinese Yuan. John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2 Clementi Loop, #02-01, Singapore 129809

An edited book

Cotta C, Cowling P (eds) (2009) Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimization: 9th European Conference, EvoCOP 2009, Tübingen, Germany, April 15-17, 2009. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Girbau J, Bruna L (2010) Cauchy Problem for Einstein’s Equation with Matter. In: Bruna L (ed) Stability by Linearization of Einstein’s Field Equation. Birkhäuser, Basel, pp 63–108

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for New Forests.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) North Korean Scientist Defects; Will Testify On Human Experimentation. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/biochemical-researcher-defects-north-korea-finland/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) Aviation Security: FAA Preboard Passenger Screening Test Results. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lurz JP (2019) Using Simplified Models and Limited-Horizon Planning to React to Time-Critical Problems. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C (2010) The Skipper Is Waiting. New York Times C29

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Reich 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Inchausti and Halley 2001; Reich 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Inchausti and Halley 2001)
Three or more authors: (Bulmer et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	New Forests
Abbreviation	New Forests
ISSN (print)	0169-4286
ISSN (online)	1573-5095
Scope	Forestry