How to format your references using the Neurosurgical Review citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neurosurgical Review. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Newman M (2000) Applied mathematics. The power of design. Nature 405:412–413

A journal article with 2 authors

Bright AT, Winzeler EA (2013) Epidemiology: resistance mapping in malaria. Nature 498:446–447

A journal article with 3 authors

Kikushima K, Kita S, Higuchi H (2013) A non-invasive imaging for the in vivo tracking of high-speed vesicle transport in mouse neutrophils. Sci Rep 3:1913

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Xu X, Wittenberg NJ, Jordan LR, Kumar S, Watzlawik JO, Warrington AE, Oh S-H, Rodriguez M (2013) A patterned recombinant human IgM guides neurite outgrowth of CNS neurons. Sci Rep 3:2267

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gordon A, Hernandez S (2016) The Official (ISC) 2® Guide to the SSCP 2® CBK 2®. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

An edited book

Lofrano G (2012) Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Energy Recovery and Emerging Compounds Removal. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Lepperdinger G (2016) Ageing of the Stem Cells: The Conjoined Twosome Growing Old: Stem Cell and Its Niche. In: Rattan SIS, Hayflick L (eds) Cellular Ageing and Replicative Senescence. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 71–83

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neurosurgical Review.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) How A Simple Vitamin B Prescription Could Help People With Alzheimer’s. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-simple-vitamin-b-prescription-could-help-people-alzheimer-s/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) FTS 2001: Contract Transition Delays and Their Impact on Program Goals. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Myers RE (2010) Moderating the effectiveness of messages to promote physical activity in type 2 diabetes. Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman J (2016) Size Matters: Secrets of the Orchid Mantis. New York Times D2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3, 4].
This sentence cites four references [3, 5, 6, 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	Neurosurgical Review
Abbreviation	Neurosurg. Rev.
ISSN (print)	0344-5607
ISSN (online)	1437-2320
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Surgery