How to format your references using the Neurosurgical Review citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neurosurgical Review. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schlessinger J (2004) Common and distinct elements in cellular signaling via EGF and FGF receptors. Science 306:1506–1507

A journal article with 2 authors

Bermingham E, Dick C (2001) Ecology and evolution. The Inga--newcomer or museum antiquity? Science 293:2214–2216

A journal article with 3 authors

van Dokkum PG, Kriek M, Franx M (2009) A high stellar velocity dispersion for a compact massive galaxy at redshift z = 2.186. Nature 460:717–719

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Munshi N, Agalioti T, Lomvardas S, Merika M, Chen G, Thanos D (2001) Coordination of a transcriptional switch by HMGI(Y) acetylation. Science 293:1133–1136

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Estampe D (2014) Supply Chain Performance and Evaluation Models. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Gause WC, Artis D (2016) The Th2 Type Immune Response in Health and Disease: From Host Defense and Allergy to Metabolic Homeostasis and Beyond, 1st ed. 2016. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Adams JM, Wolfe JW, Ehrenfeld JM (2016) Pharmacology of Intravenous Anesthetic Agents. In: Ehrenfeld JM, Urman RD, Segal S (eds) Anesthesia Student Survival Guide: A Case-Based Approach. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 41–56

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neurosurgical Review.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) German WW1 Sub “Sunk By Sea Monster” Found In Sonar Images. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) University Funding: Federal Funding Mechanisms in Support of University Research. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ashbran MC (2011) Examining student learning in a physics pedagogical content knowledge course. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Isherwood C (2017) A Puppet Musical Is Silly but Serious. New York Times C6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3, 4].
This sentence cites four references [3, 5, 7, 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	Neurosurgical Review
Abbreviation	Neurosurg. Rev.
ISSN (print)	0344-5607
ISSN (online)	1437-2320
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Surgery