How to format your references using the Neuropathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neuropathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shibata D. Cancer. Heterogeneity and tumor history. Science. 2012 Apr 20;336(6079):304–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

de Winter W, Oxnard CE. Evolutionary radiations and convergences in the structural organization of mammalian brains. Nature. 2001 Feb 8;409(6821):710–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hejazi V, Sobolev K, Nosonovsky M. From superhydrophobicity to icephobicity: forces and interaction analysis. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2194.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chipuk JE, Kuwana T, Bouchier-Hayes L, Droin NM, Newmeyer DD, Schuler M, et al. Direct activation of Bax by p53 mediates mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):1010–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Curtis PM. Maintaining Mission Critical Systems in a 24/7 Environment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Alencar MS. Communication Systems. Rocha VC da, editor. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2005. XII, 416 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Fusté-Vilella D, Pulido JM, García-Vidal J, Gheorghiu S. TrafficNet: A L2 Network Architecture for Road-to-Vehicle Communication. In: García-Vidal J, Cerdà-Alabern L, editors. Wireless Systems and Mobility in Next Generation Internet: Third International Workshop of the EURO-NGI Network of Excellence, Sitges, Spain, June 6-9, 2006, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 43–61. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neuropathology.

Blog post

Andrew E. What does space sound like? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2013 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/what-does-space-sound/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: Progress Since September 11, 2001, and the Challenges Ahead. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Sep. Report No.: GAO-03-1150T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Carey SA. Assessing the presence of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus in reclaimed water used for spray irrigation [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Reinhart MK. A Complicated Match Made on the Hardwood. New York Times. 2015 May 11;ST1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Neuropathology
Abbreviation	Neuropathology
ISSN (print)	0919-6544
ISSN (online)	1440-1789
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Pathology and Forensic Medicine