How to format your references using the Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sales, B. C. (2002). Thermoelectric materials. Smaller is cooler. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5558), 1248–1249.

A journal article with 2 authors

Davies, I. W., & Welch, C. J. (2009). Looking forward in pharmaceutical process chemistry. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325(5941), 701–704.

A journal article with 3 authors

Viculis, L. M., Mack, J. J., & Kaner, R. B. (2003). A chemical route to carbon nanoscrolls. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5611), 1361.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Bivona, T. G., Pérez De Castro, I., Ahearn, I. M., Grana, T. M., Chiu, V. K., Lockyer, P. J., Cullen, P. J., Pellicer, A., Cox, A. D., & Philips, M. R. (2003). Phospholipase Cgamma activates Ras on the Golgi apparatus by means of RasGRP1. Nature, 424(6949), 694–698.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kriegel, J. (2016). Unfairly Labeled. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Axford, J. S. (Ed.). (2005). Glycobiology and Medicine: Proceedings of the 7th Jenner Glycobiology and Medicine Symposium. Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhu, J., Yang, M., Li, S., & Zhao, T. (2016). Learning Bilingual Sentence Representations for Quality Estimation of Machine Translation. In M. Yang & S. Liu (Eds.), Machine Translation: 12th China Workshop, CWMT 2016, Urumqi, China, August 25–26, 2016, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 35–42). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research.

Blog post

Hamilton, K. (2016, December 9). The MDMA Being Used To Treat Trauma Is Different From The Street Drug Ecstasy. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/the-mdmd-being-used-to-treat-trauma-is-different-from-the-street-drug-ecstasy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1985). Federal Agencies’ Policies and Practices Are in Accordance With Patent and Trademark Amendments of 1980 (RCED-85-94). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jernigan, M. B. (2013). Use of uprooted invasive buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare ) parent plants as thatch to reduce progeny seedling emergence [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

BRUCE LAMBERT; Linda Saslow contributed reporting for this article. (2005, November 10). County Chief Sets Sights on School Tax. New York Times, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sales, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Davies & Welch, 2009; Sales, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Davies & Welch, 2009)
Three authors: (Viculis et al., 2003)
6 or more authors: (Bivona et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research
Abbreviation	Neurol. Psychiatry Brain Res.
ISSN (print)	0941-9500
Scope	Clinical Neurology Psychiatry and Mental health General Neuroscience