How to format your references using the NeuroImage: Clinical citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for NeuroImage: Clinical. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Malin, G., 2006. Oceans. New pieces for the marine sulfur cycle jigsaw. Science 314, 607–608.

A journal article with 2 authors

Scholes, R.J., Biggs, R., 2005. A biodiversity intactness index. Nature 434, 45–49.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dudley, A.T., Ros, M.A., Tabin, C.J., 2002. A re-examination of proximodistal patterning during vertebrate limb development. Nature 418, 539–544.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Lierz, M., Reinschmidt, M., Müller, H., Wink, M., Neumann, D., 2013. A novel method for semen collection and artificial insemination in large parrots (Psittaciformes). Sci. Rep. 3, 2066.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Berg, M.C., 2000. The Fourier-Analytic Proof of Quadratic Reciprocity. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Lu, D., 2010. Digital Preservation for Heritages: Technologies and Applications, Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Fisher, K.A., Raquet, J.F., Pachter, M., 2007. Cooperative Estimation Algorithms Using TDOA Measurements, in: Grundel, D., Murphey, R., Pardalos, P., Prokopyev, O. (Eds.), Cooperative Systems: Control and Optimization, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 57–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for NeuroImage: Clinical.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2014. Clue To Mysterious Lights That Appear Before Earthquakes [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/physics/clue-mysterious-lights-appear-earthquakes/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2014. Information Management: The National Technical Information Service’s Dissemination of Technical Reports Needs Attention (No. GAO-14-781T). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ochse, A.R., 2013. Targeted Killing, Drones and International Law: How U.S. Practice is Shaping International Law (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S., 2007. The Tortured Voice of Russia’s Lost Generation. New York Times A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Malin, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Malin, 2006; Scholes and Biggs, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Scholes and Biggs, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Lierz et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	NeuroImage: Clinical
Abbreviation	NeuroImage Clin.
ISSN (print)	2213-1582
Scope	Clinical Neurology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Cognitive Neuroscience Neurology

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