How to format your references using the NeuroImage: Clinical citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for NeuroImage: Clinical. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Knight, R.T., 2007. Neuroscience. Neural networks debunk phrenology. Science 316, 1578–1579.

A journal article with 2 authors

Martin, T., Ruf, I., 2009. Paleontology. On the mammalian ear. Science 326, 243–244.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sahu, G., Sukumaran, S., Bera, A.K., 2014. Pannexins form gap junctions with electrophysiological and pharmacological properties distinct from connexins. Sci. Rep. 4, 4955.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Pomeranz Krummel, D.A., Oubridge, C., Leung, A.K.W., Li, J., Nagai, K., 2009. Crystal structure of human spliceosomal U1 snRNP at 5.5 A resolution. Nature 458, 475–480.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hens, H., 2012. Building Physics - Heat, Air and Moisture. Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany.

An edited book

Gheyi, R., Naumann, D. (Eds.), 2012. Formal Methods: Foundations and Applications: 15th Brazilian Symposium, SBMF 2012, Natal, Brazil, September 23-28, 2012. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Saling, P., 2016. Eco-efficiency Assessment, in: Finkbeiner, M. (Ed.), Special Types of Life Cycle Assessment, LCA Compendium – The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 115–178.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for NeuroImage: Clinical.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. European Commission Opposes Petition To End Animal Research [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/european-commission-opposes-petition-end-animal-research/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2004. Aviation Safety: FAA Needs to Strengthen the Management of Its Designee Programs (No. GAO-05-40). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mantilla, A.N., 2012. The differences in the educational experiences and caregiver involvement in education between youth in foster care and those in care of their biological parents (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Roach, M., 2010. Faces in the Crowd. New York Times BR12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Knight, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Knight, 2007; Martin and Ruf, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Martin and Ruf, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Pomeranz Krummel et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	NeuroImage: Clinical
Abbreviation	NeuroImage Clin.
ISSN (print)	2213-1582
Scope	Clinical Neurology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Cognitive Neuroscience Neurology