How to format your references using the Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mabberley, D.J., 2009. Plant science. Exploring terra incognita. Science 324, 472.

A journal article with 2 authors

Strausfeld, N.J., Hirth, F., 2013. Deep homology of arthropod central complex and vertebrate basal ganglia. Science 340, 157–161.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zachos, J.C., Dickens, G.R., Zeebe, R.E., 2008. An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics. Nature 451, 279–283.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kong, A., Thorleifsson, G., Frigge, M.L., Vilhjalmsson, B.J., Young, A.I., Thorgeirsson, T.E., Benonisdottir, S., Oddsson, A., Halldorsson, B.V., Masson, G., Gudbjartsson, D.F., Helgason, A., Bjornsdottir, G., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Stefansson, K., 2018. The nature of nurture: Effects of parental genotypes. Science 359, 424–428.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ryan, T.P., 2011. Statistical Methods for Quality Improvement: Ryan/Quality Improvement 3E, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Chang, R.-S., Jain, L.C., Peng, S.-L. (Eds.), 2013. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Applications - Volume 1: Proceedings of the International Computer Symposium ICS 2012 Held at Hualien, Taiwan, December 12–14, 2012, Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Loog, M., 2012. Semi-supervised Linear Discriminant Analysis Using Moment Constraints, in: Schwenker, F., Trentin, E. (Eds.), Partially Supervised Learning: First IAPR TC3 Workshop, PSL 2011, Ulm, Germany, September 15-16, 2011, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 32–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2016. Scientists Just Released The World’s Largest Digital Sky Survey [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2002. Intercity Passenger Rail: Amtrak Needs to Improve Its Decisionmaking Process for Its Route and Service Proposals (No. GAO-02-398). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Frisbee, K.L., 2015. The impact of mobile health (mhealth) technology on family caregiver’s burden levels and an assessment of variations in mhealth tool use (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stuart, C., GEORGE BRETHERTON; TONI MONKOVIC; ANDREW DAS; LUIS DELOUREIRO, 2010. Breakout Players Of the First Quarter Of the Season. New York Times B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mabberley, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Mabberley, 2009; Strausfeld and Hirth, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Strausfeld and Hirth, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Kong et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms
Abbreviation	Neurobiol. Sleep Circadian Rhythms
ISSN (print)	2451-9944
Scope	Clinical Neurology Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Behavioral Neuroscience Neurology