How to format your references using the Neural Computing and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neural Computing and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Weil A (2014) Mammalian evolution: A beast of the southern wild. Nature 515:495–496

A journal article with 2 authors

Leek JT, Peng RD (2015) Statistics. What is the question? Science 347:1314–1315

A journal article with 3 authors

Dotera T, Oshiro T, Ziherl P (2014) Mosaic two-lengthscale quasicrystals. Nature 506:208–211

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kravchenko JE, Rogozin IB, Koonin EV, Chumakov PM (2005) Transcription of mammalian messenger RNAs by a nuclear RNA polymerase of mitochondrial origin. Nature 436:735–739

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Knight HJ (2012) Patent Strategy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Rong J (2016) Metasomatic Textures in Granites: Evidence from Petrographic Observation. Springer, Singapore

A chapter in an edited book

Piho G, Tepandi J, Puusep V (2014) Towards P Systems Based Approach for Evolutionary Enterprise Application. In: José Escalona M, Aragón G, Linger H, et al (eds) Information System Development: Improving Enterprise Communication. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 45–57

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neural Computing and Applications.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Parasite Causes Cannibalism In Shrimp. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/parasite-linked-increase-cannibalism/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015) Motor Carrier Safety: Additional Research Standards and Truck Drivers’ Schedule Data Could Allow More Accurate Assessments of the Hours of Service Rule. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marroquin Salvador MD (2017) Hypervelocity Impact of Spherical Aluminum 2017-T4 Projectiles on Aluminum 6061-T6 Multi-Layered Sheets. Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2010) Sampling the Flavors of the City’s Cup. New York Times D1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Neural Computing and Applications
Abbreviation	Neural Comput. Appl.
ISSN (print)	0941-0643
ISSN (online)	1433-3058
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Software

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