How to format your references using the Neural Computing and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neural Computing and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bartlett SD (2014) Quantum computing: powered by magic. Nature 510:345–347

A journal article with 2 authors

Allenby B, Fink J (2005) Toward inherently secure and resilient societies. Science 309:1034–1036

A journal article with 3 authors

Berton O, Hahn C-G, Thase ME (2012) Are we getting closer to valid translational models for major depression? Science 338:75–79

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Luyssaert S, Marie G, Valade A, et al (2018) Trade-offs in using European forests to meet climate objectives. Nature 562:259–262

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Niles JD (2016) Old English Literature. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Nyberg K (2015) Topics in Cryptology –- CT-RSA 2015: The Cryptographer’s Track at the RSA Conference 2015, San Francisco, CA, USA, April 20-24, 2015. Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Sekiya F, Sugimoto A (2015) On Connectivity of Discretized 2D Explicit Curve. In: Ochiai H, Anjyo K (eds) Mathematical Progress in Expressive Image Synthesis II: Extended and Selected Results from the Symposium MEIS2014. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp 33–44

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neural Computing and Applications.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) This Atom Makes Quantum Computing Light Work. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/atom-makes-quantum-computing-light-work/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2008) Telecommunications: FCC Needs to Improve Performance Management and Strengthen Oversight of the High-Cost Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fuentez OL (2010) Proposition 21: Juveniles tried as adults. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J (2017) Celebrating a Honey Harvest in the Center of Hudson Yards. New York Times A17

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Neural Computing and Applications
Abbreviation	Neural Comput. Appl.
ISSN (print)	0941-0643
ISSN (online)	1433-3058
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Software