How to format your references using the Networks and Spatial Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Networks and Spatial Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blow N (2008) Stem cells: in search of common ground. Nature 451:855–858

A journal article with 2 authors

Pope BD, Gilbert DM (2014) Genetics: Up and down in Down’s syndrome. Nature 508:323–324

A journal article with 3 authors

Blüher M, Kahn BB, Kahn CR (2003) Extended longevity in mice lacking the insulin receptor in adipose tissue. Science 299:572–574

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Cho D-H, Nakamura T, Fang J, et al (2009) S-nitrosylation of Drp1 mediates beta-amyloid-related mitochondrial fission and neuronal injury. Science 324:102–105

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tissue BM (2013) Basics of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Equilibria. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Mitsikostas DD, Paemeleire K (eds) (2016) Pharmacological Management of Headaches. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Vollbrecht M, Malsch A, Hook ML, et al (2015) Acute Care for Elders (ACE) Tracker and e-Geriatrician Telemedicine Programs. In: Malone ML, Capezuti EA, Palmer RM (eds) Geriatrics Models of Care: Bringing “Best Practice” to an Aging America. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 51–56

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Networks and Spatial Economics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Air Pollution Causes More Than 3 Million Premature Deaths A Year Worldwide. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) Students With Disabilities: More Information and Guidance Could Improve Opportunities in Physical Education and Athletics. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kaplan CM (2017) Understanding the Anxiolytic Effects of Alcohol on the Central Extended Amygdala in Humans. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Harris EA (2014) Walking Away, Quietly. New York Times B1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Blow 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Blow 2008; Pope and Gilbert 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pope and Gilbert 2014)
Three or more authors: (Cho et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Networks and Spatial Economics
Abbreviation	Netw. Spat. Econ.
ISSN (print)	1566-113X
ISSN (online)	1572-9427
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Networks and Communications Software