How to format your references using the Networks and Spatial Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Networks and Spatial Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Selkoe DJ (2002) Alzheimer’s disease is a synaptic failure. Science 298:789–791

A journal article with 2 authors

Chae HG, Kumar S (2008) Materials science. Making strong fibers. Science 319:908–909

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang C, Chan CT, Hu X (2014) Broadband focusing and collimation of water waves by zero refractive index. Sci Rep 4:6979

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kikkawa M, Sablin EP, Okada Y, et al (2001) Switch-based mechanism of kinesin motors. Nature 411:439–445

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kindmann R, Krüger U (2013) Stahlbau. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Schmitt MJ, Schaffrath R (eds) (2005) Microbial Protein Toxins. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Carlson K (2015) Clefting, Parallelism, and Focus in Ellipsis Sentences. In: Frazier L, Gibson E (eds) Explicit and Implicit Prosody in Sentence Processing: Studies in Honor of Janet Dean Fodor. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 63–83

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Networks and Spatial Economics.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2015) Weirdos, Werewolves And The Full Moon. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/weirdos-werewolves-and-full-moon/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1974) Problems And Progress Of The U.S. Army Materiel Command’s Automated Data Processing Service Center Concept. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Volkmer JE (2010) The Cretaceous-Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Lhasa Terrane, Tibet. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J (2016) World Chess Smackdown! Be There! New York Times MB1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Selkoe 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Selkoe 2002; Chae and Kumar 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chae and Kumar 2008)
Three or more authors: (Kikkawa et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Networks and Spatial Economics
Abbreviation	Netw. Spat. Econ.
ISSN (print)	1566-113X
ISSN (online)	1572-9427
Scope	Artificial Intelligence Computer Networks and Communications Software