How to format your references using the Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zinner E. Planetary science. An isotopic view of the early solar system. Science. 2003;300(5617):265-267.

A journal article with 2 authors

Doubleday R, Wilsdon J. Science policy: Beyond the great and good. Nature. 2012;485(7398):301-302.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grubb PJ, Coomes DA, Metcalfe DJ. Comment on “A brief history of seed size.” Science. 2005;310(5749):783; author reply 783.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hartogh P, Lis DC, Bockelée-Morvan D, et al. Ocean-like water in the Jupiter-family comet 103P/Hartley 2. Nature. 2011;478(7368):218-220.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pandrea N, Stănescu ND. Dynamics of the Rigid Solid with General Constraints by a Multibody Approach. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

Catalano C, Passariello R, eds. Multidetector-Row CT Angiography. Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Averchi M. Husserl and Geiger on Feelings and Intentionality. In: Ubiali M, Wehrle M, eds. Feeling and Value, Willing and Action: Essays in the Context of a Phenomenological Psychology. Phaenomenologica. Springer International Publishing; 2015:71-91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. There Will Be Four Rovers On Mars In 2021, As ESA Funds ExoMars Mission. IFLScience. December 5, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/there-will-be-four-rovers-on-mars-in-2021-as-esa-funds-exomars-mission/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: FCC Should Include Call Quality in Its Annual Report on Competition in Mobile Phone Services. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Haug JJ. A Summer Literacy Intervention for Struggling Readers at the Middle School Level Using Strategies in Comprehension, Fluency, Vocabulary, and Positive School Climate to Improve Reading Comprehension: An Evaluation Study. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Every Justice Creates a New Court. New York Times. May 27, 2009:A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering
ISSN (print)	2589-5540
Scope