How to format your references using the Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Giles J. UK universities face star treatment in funding revamp. Nature. 2003;423(6940):574.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ellerbroek B, Rigaut F. Optics adapt to the whole sky. Nature. 2000;403(6765):25-26.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hayashi K, Hasegawa J, Matsunaga S. The boundary of the meristematic and elongation zones in roots: endoreduplication precedes rapid cell expansion. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2723.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Whitehead GG, Makino S, Lien CL, Keating MT. fgf20 is essential for initiating zebrafish fin regeneration. Science. 2005;310(5756):1957-1960.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Omura G, Benton BC. Mastering AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Christensen SH, Didier C, Jamison A, Meganck M, Mitcham C, Newberry B, eds. International Perspectives on Engineering Education: Engineering Education and Practice in Context, Volume 1. Vol 20. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Artamonov VA, Chubarov IA. Dual Algebras of Some Semisimple Finite-dimensional Hopf Algebras. In: Brzeziński T, Gómez Pardo JL, Shestakov I, Smith PF, eds. Modules and Comodules. Birkhäuser; 2008:65-85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E. Dogs Can Tell The Difference Between Happy And Angry Faces. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal-Aid Highways: Federal Highway Administration Could Further Mitigate Locally Administered Project Risks. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lizarraga D. Effects of Large Inedible Particles on the Feeding Performance of Echinodem Larvae. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Urbina I. A Model for ‘Clean Coal’ Goes Awry. New York Times. July 5, 2016:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering
ISSN (print)	2589-5540
Scope