How to format your references using the Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dickson JAD. Fossil echinoderms as monitor of the Mg/Ca ratio of Phanerozoic oceans. Science. 2002;298(5596):1222-1224.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zimmerman GA, Weyrich AS. Immunology. Arsonists in rheumatoid arthritis. Science. 2010;327(5965):528-529.

A journal article with 3 authors

Reyes-Lamothe R, Sherratt DJ, Leake MC. Stoichiometry and architecture of active DNA replication machinery in Escherichia coli. Science. 2010;328(5977):498-501.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang H, Westin L, Nong Y, et al. Norbin is an endogenous regulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 signaling. Science. 2009;326(5959):1554-1557.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lastovetsky A. Parallel Computing on Heterogeneous Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2003.

An edited book

Kazienko P, Chawla N, eds. Applications of Social Media and Social Network Analysis. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Saccomandi G. Finite Amplitude Waves in Nonlinear Elastodynamics and Related Theories: A Personal Overview? In: Destrade M, Saccomandi G, eds. Waves in Nonlinear Pre-Stressed Materials. CISM Courses and Lectures. Springer; 2007:129-179.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering.

Blog post

Luntz S. How Do Parasitic Birds Learn To Be Like Their Biological Parents? IFLScience. November 5, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-do-birds-learn-be-birds/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Geographic Information System: Forest Service Has Resolved GAO Concerns About Its Proposed Nationwide System. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zelaya GS. Hopelessness and Diabetes: Do Hispanic Diabetic Patients Feel Less Hopeless Eating Fruits, Vegetables and Exercising Regularly? Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Letter of the Law 1, Proportion 0. New York Times. September 4, 2011:SP4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering
ISSN (print)	2589-5540
Scope