How to format your references using the PeerJ citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PeerJ. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Carr AM. 2002. Checking that replication breakdown is not terminal. Science (New York, N.Y.) 297:557–558.

A journal article with 2 authors

Leeb M, Wutz A. 2011. Derivation of haploid embryonic stem cells from mouse embryos. Nature 479:131–134.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wasan DT, Nikolov AD, Brenner H. 2001. Fluid dynamics. Droplets speeding on surfaces. Science (New York, N.Y.) 291:605–606.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Pan X, Eathiraj S, Munson M, Lambright DG. 2006. TBC-domain GAPs for Rab GTPases accelerate GTP hydrolysis by a dual-finger mechanism. Nature 442:303–306.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

DeRosa TF. 2008. Advances in Polymer Chemistry and Methods Reported in Recent US Patents. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Hudson PF, Middelkoop H (eds.). 2015. Geomorphic Approaches to Integrated Floodplain Management of Lowland Fluvial Systems in North America and Europe. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Murray-Rust D, Robertson D. 2015. Bootstrapping the Next Generation of Social Machines. In: Li W, Huhns MN, Tsai W-T, Wu W eds. Crowdsourcing: Cloud-Based Software Development. Progress in IS. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 53–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PeerJ.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2014.Breath Test Being Developed To Detect Lung Cancer. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/breath-test-being-developed-detect-lung-cancer/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1987. Deaf Education: The National Mission of Gallaudet’s Elementary and Secondary Schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hammarsten C. 2015. Decorated Heegaard Diagrams and Combinatorial Heegaard Floer Homology. Doctoral dissertation Thesis. Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lardner G Jr. 2010. No Country for Second Chances. New York Times:A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Carr, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Carr, 2002; Leeb & Wutz, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Leeb & Wutz, 2011)
Three authors: (Wasan, Nikolov & Brenner, 2001)
4 or more authors: (Pan et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	PeerJ
Abbreviation	PeerJ
ISSN (online)	2167-8359
Scope	General Agricultural and Biological Sciences General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Medicine General Neuroscience

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