How to format your references using the Nanoscience Methods citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nanoscience Methods. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Smith C. Tools for drug discovery: tools of the trade. Nature. 2007;446(7132):219–222.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lum L, Clevers H. Cell biology. The unusual case of Porcupine. Science. 2012;337(6097):922–923.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Di Toro G, Goldsby DL, Tullis TE. Friction falls towards zero in quartz rock as slip velocity approaches seismic rates. Nature. 2004;427(6973):436–439.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Chen YP, Liu Q, Liu YJ, et al. Responses of soil microbial activity to cadmium pollution and elevated CO2. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4287.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Rao CL, Narayanamurthy V, Simha KRY. Applied Impact Mechanics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Maio M de, Rzany B, editors. Botulinum Toxin in Aesthetic Medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Jin X, Jiang J, Min G. Multi-agent Based Personal File Management Using Case Based Reasoning. In: Corchado E, Wu X, Oja E, et al., editors. Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems: 4th International Conference, HAIS 2009, Salamanca, Spain, June 10-12, 2009 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 26–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nanoscience Methods.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Why Alcohol Makes You Feel Warm – And Other Strange Effects It Has On The Brain [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/why-alcohol-makes-you-feel-warm-and-other-strange-effects-it-has-brain/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Student Achievement Standards and Testing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993. Report No.: T-PEMD-93-1. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Allen SD. Putting out fires: How communication professionals understand and practice conflict resolution [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Saslow L. Turning Green, Schools Lead in Solar Energy. New York Times. 2007 Mar 4;LI11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nanoscience Methods
ISSN (online)	2164-2311
Scope