How to format your references using the Nanoscience Methods citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nanoscience Methods. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Cannon B. Cardiovascular disease: Biochemistry to behaviour. Nature. 2013;493:S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ghosh A, Ganesan K. Policy: Rethink India’s energy strategy. Nature. 2015;521:156–157.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Navarrete A, van Schaik CP, Isler K. Energetics and the evolution of human brain size. Nature. 2011;480:91–93.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Choi O, Kim T, Woo HM, et al. Electricity-driven metabolic shift through direct electron uptake by electroactive heterotroph Clostridium pasteurianum. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6961.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lévy P. The Semantic Sphere 1. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Foggia P, Sansone C, Vento M, editors. Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2009: 15th International Conference Vietri sul Mare, Italy, September 8-11, 2009 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Bialek JW. Critical Interrelations Between ICT and Electricity System. In: Lukszo Z, Deconinck G, Weijnen MPC, editors. Securing Electricity Supply in the Cyber Age: Exploring the Risks of Information and Communication Technology in Tomorrow’s Electricity Infrastructure. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 53–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nanoscience Methods.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Cosmic Lighthouse Disappears From View. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. DOD Business Systems Modernization: Important Progress Made to Develop Business Enterprise Architecture, but Much Work Remains. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003. Report No.: GAO-03-1018. .

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Baugh JB. Deregulation and management strategies: A case study of Georgia System Operations Corporation [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Qiu L. After Denouncing ‘Fake News,’ a Catalog of Falsehoods. New York Times. 2017 Feb 24;A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nanoscience Methods
ISSN (online)	2164-2311
Scope