How to format your references using the Music Education Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Music Education Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eisenstein, Michael. 2015. “Artificial Organs: Honey, I Shrunk the Lungs.” Nature 519 (7544): S16-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Timmermann, Axel, and Laurie Menviel. 2009. “Climate Change. What Drives Climate Flip-Flops?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 325 (5938): 273–274.

A journal article with 3 authors

Moeller, Sebastian, Winrich A. Freiwald, and Doris Y. Tsao. 2008. “Patches with Links: A Unified System for Processing Faces in the Macaque Temporal Lobe.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 320 (5881): 1355–1359.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Mani, Ram-Shankar, Scott A. Tomlins, Kaitlin Callahan, Aparna Ghosh, Mukesh K. Nyati, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Nallasivam Palanisamy, and Arul M. Chinnaiyan. 2009. “Induced Chromosomal Proximity and Gene Fusions in Prostate Cancer.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 326 (5957): 1230.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schulze, Volker. 2005. Modern Mechanical Surface Treatment. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Bianchini, Stefano. 2011. Nonlinear PDE’s and Applications: C.I.M.E. Summer School, Cetraro, Italy 2008, Editors: Luigi Ambrosio, Giuseppe Savaré. Edited by Eric A. Carlen, Alexander Mielke, and Cédric Villani. Vol. 2028. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Elnekave, Sigal, Mark Last, and Oded Maimon. 2008. “Measuring Similarity Between Trajectories of Mobile Objects.” In Applied Pattern Recognition, edited by Horst Bunke, Abraham Kandel, and Mark Last, 101–128. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Music Education Research.

Blog post

Andrews, Robin. 2016. “King Tutankhamun’s Dagger Was Literally Out Of This World.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2013. Rail Safety: Improved Human Capital Planning Could Address Emerging Safety Oversight Challenges. GAO-14-85. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Austin, Carlye Anne. 2013. “Intravenous Exposure of Pregnant Mice to Silver Nanoparticles: Silver Tissue Distribution and Effects in Maternal and Extra-Embryonic Tissues and Embryos.” Doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dinardo, Kelly. 2013. “Laetitia Trouillet, Designer, on the Shops and Souks of Marrakesh.” New York Times, December 15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Eisenstein 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Eisenstein 2015; Timmermann and Menviel 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Timmermann and Menviel 2009)
Three authors: (Moeller, Freiwald, and Tsao 2008)
4 or more authors: (Mani et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Music Education Research
Abbreviation	Music Educ. Res.
ISSN (print)	1461-3808
ISSN (online)	1469-9893
Scope	Music Education