How to format your references using the Music Education Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Music Education Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cunningham, Tshaka. 2004. “Graduate Journal: Show Us the Money!” Nature 429 (6994): 906.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pertsinidis, A., and X. S. Ling. 2001. “Diffusion of Point Defects in Two-Dimensional Colloidal Crystals.” Nature 413 (6852): 147–150.

A journal article with 3 authors

Quax, Rick, Drona Kandhai, and Peter M. A. Sloot. 2013. “Information Dissipation as an Early-Warning Signal for the Lehman Brothers Collapse in Financial Time Series.” Scientific Reports 3: 1898.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Liu, Yiwen, Keshab R. Sharma, Sudhir Murthy, Ian Johnson, Ted Evans, and Zhiguo Yuan. 2014. “On-Line Monitoring of Methane in Sewer Air.” Scientific Reports 4 (October): 6637.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hollin, Clive R. 2016. The Psychology of Interpersonal Violence. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Day, John W., G. Paul Kemp, Angelina M. Freeman, and David P. Muth, eds. 2014. Perspectives on the Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: The Once and Future Delta. Estuaries of the World. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Neby, Simon. 2016. “Marketization and Accountability: Lessons from the Reforming Norwegian Healthcare System.” In Public Accountability and Health Care Governance: Public Management Reforms Between Austerity and Democracy, edited by Paola Mattei, 65–89. Recent Reforms and Current Policy Changes. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Music Education Research.

Blog post

Davis, Josh. 2016. “Four Major Cities To Ban All Diesel Vehicles By 2025.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/four-major-cities-to-ban-all-diesel-vehicles-by-2025/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1973. Additional Costs Incurred in Maintaining the National Industrial Equipment Reserve (NIER). B-125187. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Waldron, Kimberly D. 2017. “The Influence of Leadership Emotional Intelligence on Employee Engagement.” Doctoral dissertation, Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, George. 2016. “A Hockey Luminary Glowed With Modesty.” New York Times, June 11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Cunningham 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Cunningham 2004; Pertsinidis and Ling 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Pertsinidis and Ling 2001)
Three authors: (Quax, Kandhai, and Sloot 2013)
4 or more authors: (Liu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Music Education Research
Abbreviation	Music Educ. Res.
ISSN (print)	1461-3808
ISSN (online)	1469-9893
Scope	Music Education