How to format your references using the Multiple Sclerosis Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multiple Sclerosis Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Jayawardhana R. Astronomy. Unraveling brown dwarf origins. Science. 2004; 303(5656):322–323.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Kaidi A, Jackson SP. KAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation couples chromatin sensing to ATM signalling. Nature. 2013; 498(7452):70–74.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Horne-Badovinac S, Rebagliati M, Stainier DYR. A cellular framework for gut-looping morphogenesis in zebrafish. Science. 2003; 302(5645):662–665.

A journal article with 6 or more authors

1. Schüssler A, Martin H, Cohen D, Fitz M, Wipf D. Characterization of a carbohydrate transporter from symbiotic glomeromycotan fungi. Nature. 2006; 444(7121):933–936.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Taroni F, Biedermann A, Bozza S, Garbolino P, Aitken C. Bayesian Networks for Probabilistic Inference and Decision Analysis in Forensic Science. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. Chinesta F. PGD-Based Modeling of Materials, Structures and Processes. (Cueto E, ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Yuasa S. Cardiac Arrhythmia Modelling Using iPS Cells. In: Fukuda K, ed. Human iPS Cells in Disease Modelling. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2016:45–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multiple Sclerosis Journal.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Why Predicting A Flu Outbreak Is Like Betting On Football Or Flipping A Coin. IFLScience. 2015. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/why-predicting-flu-outbreak-betting-football-or-flipping-coin/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. College Savings Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Ko T-CT. The ALISA delta(CRC) classifier for natural surfaces: Viewpoint-invariant and illumination-invariant classification of natural surfaces using general-purpose color and texture features with the ALISA delta(CRC) classifier. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Two Convicts From Abroad Win Hearing By Justices. New York Times. 2005:A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1],[2].
This sentence cites four references [1]–[4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Multiple Sclerosis Journal
Abbreviation	Mult. Scler.
ISSN (print)	1352-4585
ISSN (online)	1477-0970
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology