How to format your references using the Multiple Sclerosis Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multiple Sclerosis Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Kreeger K. From bench to bedside. Nature. 2003; 424(6952):1090–1091.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Sharma A, Hartwig JF. Metal-catalysed azidation of tertiary C-H bonds suitable for late-stage functionalization. Nature. 2015; 517(7536):600–604.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Duan Q, Goodale E, Quan R-C. Bird fruit preferences match the frequency of fruit colours in tropical Asia. Sci. Rep. 2014; 4:5627.

A journal article with 6 or more authors

1. Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, et al. A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function. Nature. 2011; 474(7351):337–342.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bragg SM. The New CEO Corporate Leadership Manual. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Shi P, Kasperson R eds. World Atlas of Natural Disaster Risk. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Maki KC. Pathophysiology and Management of Dyslipidemias Associated with Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Other Insulin-Resistant States. In: Davidson MH, Toth PP, Maki KC, Gotto AM, eds. Therapeutic Lipidology. Contemporary Cardiology. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2008:55–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multiple Sclerosis Journal.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Unfeelability Cloak Prevents Sensing Object By Touch. IFLScience. 2014. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/unfeelability-cloak-prevents-sensing-object-touch/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Proposals to Enhance Aircraft Tracking and Flight Data Recovery May Aid Accident Investigation, but Challenges Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Miller RJ. An Investigation Examining the Perceived Implications of Principal Leadership Changing A Large Comprehensive High School into Smaller Learning Communities. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Koblin J. Anchor Illuminates Fox Inquiry of Ailes. New York Times. 2016:B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1],[2].
This sentence cites four references [1]–[4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Multiple Sclerosis Journal
Abbreviation	Mult. Scler.
ISSN (print)	1352-4585
ISSN (online)	1477-0970
Scope	Clinical Neurology Neurology