How to format your references using the Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Südhof, T.C., 2015. Reproducibility: Experimental mismatch in neural circuits. Nature 528, 338–339.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sankar, P., Cho, M.K., 2002. Genetics. Toward a new vocabulary of human genetic variation. Science 298, 1337–1338.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vokrouhlický, D., Nesvorný, D., Bottke, W.F., 2003. The vector alignments of asteroid spins by thermal torques. Nature 425, 147–151.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Xiao, S., Liu, D., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., Chen, W., 2013. Temporal variation of methane flux from Xiangxi Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Sci. Rep. 3, 2500.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fisher, H.G., Forrest, H.S., Grossel, S.S., Huff, J.E., Muller, A.R., Noronha, J.A., Shaw, D.A., Tilley, B.J., 1993. Emergency Relief System Design Using DIERS Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Zhang, J. (Ed.), 2015. Ecological Continuum from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Watersheds to the East China Sea Continental Margin, Estuaries of the World. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Simsek, M., Sengor, N.S., 2013. The Efficiency of Difference Mapping in Space Mapping-Based Optimization, in: Koziel, S., Leifsson, L. (Eds.), Surrogate-Based Modeling and Optimization: Applications in Engineering. Springer, New York, NY, pp. 99–120.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Scientists Use Physics To Read Scrolls From Herculaneum – But Why Do We Care? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1997. Proprietary Schools: Analysis of Comments Received From an Association of Schools (No. HEHS-98-12R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nash, M.C., 2017. Reading Achievement: A Study of Perceptions of First-Grade Teachers and the Relationship Between Attendance and Reading Achievement (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J., 2017. Book to Examine Trump-Russia Ties. New York Times C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Südhof, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Sankar and Cho, 2002; Südhof, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sankar and Cho, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Xiao et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
Abbreviation	Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord.
ISSN (print)	2211-0348
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Neurology