How to format your references using the Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sur, M., 2005. Breathing life into biology. Nature 436, 487.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lee, A.J., You, L., 2014. Cell biology. Cells listen to their inner voice. Science 343, 624–625.

A journal article with 3 authors

Basch, M.L., Bronner-Fraser, M., García-Castro, M.I., 2006. Specification of the neural crest occurs during gastrulation and requires Pax7. Nature 441, 218–222.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Liu, M., Montgomery, M.K., Fiveash, C.E., Osborne, B., Cooney, G.J., Bell-Anderson, K., Turner, N., 2014. PPARα-independent actions of omega-3 PUFAs contribute to their beneficial effects on adiposity and glucose homeostasis. Sci. Rep. 4, 5538.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Liu, W., Pecht, M., 2005. IC Component Sockets. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Basu, D., 2016. Structural Revolution in International Business Architecture: Political Economy: Volume 2. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Fox, P.F., Uniacke-Lowe, T., McSweeney, P.L.H., O’Mahony, J.A., 2015. Milk Proteins, in: Uniacke-Lowe, T., McSweeney, P.L.H., O’Mahony, J.A. (Eds.), Dairy Chemistry and Biochemistry. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 145–239.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2016. Virtual Reality Sex Is Coming Soon To A Headset Near You [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/virtual-reality-sex-coming-soon-headset-near-you/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1997. Education Programs: Major Issues Affecting Postsecondary Education, School-to-Work, and Youth Employment Programs (No. HEHS-97-212R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ouyang, A., 2006. Embryonic Stem Cell Culture in Fibrous Bed Bioreactor (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J., 2017. Reading by Numbers. New York Times BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sur, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Lee and You, 2014; Sur, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lee and You, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
Abbreviation	Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord.
ISSN (print)	2211-0348
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Neurology