How to format your references using the Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Snoke, D., 2002. Spontaneous Bose coherence of excitons and polaritons. Science 298, 1368–1372.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hoffman, Y., Pilpel, Y., 2015. Gene expression. MicroRNAs silence the noisy genome. Science 348, 41–42.

A journal article with 3 authors

Biek, R., Drummond, A.J., Poss, M., 2006. A virus reveals population structure and recent demographic history of its carnivore host. Science 311, 538–541.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Noh, J.-K., Kim, S., Kim, H., Choi, W., Chang, W., Byun, D., Cho, B.-W., Chung, K.Y., 2014. Mechanochemical synthesis of Li₂MnO₃ shell/LiMO₂ (M = Ni, Co, Mn) core-structured nanocomposites for lithium-ion batteries. Sci. Rep. 4, 4847.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hackshaw, A., 2014. A Concise Guide to Observational Studies in Healthcare. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

He, Y., 2014. Silicon Nano-biotechnology, SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Aikat, A., Roy, T.K., Bhattacharya, N., 2016. Fetal Growth and Development in the First Two Trimesters, in: Bhattacharya, N., Stubblefield, P.G. (Eds.), Human Fetal Growth and Development: First and Second Trimesters. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 49–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2015. Hubble Telescope Spots Smiley Face [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/smiley-face-galaxy-cluster-spotted-hubble/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2014. Export Controls: NASA Management Action and Improved Oversight Needed to Reduce the Risk of Unauthorized Access to Its Technologies (No. GAO-14-315). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jeffries, R.E., 2010. An NMR-compatible bioartificial liver for metabolomic investigation of drug action (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S., 2014. Russia: Ministry Takes Aim at a Human Rights Group. New York Times A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Snoke, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Hoffman and Pilpel, 2015; Snoke, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hoffman and Pilpel, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Noh et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
Abbreviation	Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord.
ISSN (print)	2211-0348
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Neurology