How to format your references using the Multimedia Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multimedia Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stuart, J.S.: A near-Earth asteroid population estimate from the LINEAR survey. Science. 294, 1691–1693 (2001)

A journal article with 2 authors

Verhulst, S., Tinbergen, J.M.: Variation in food supply, time of breeding, and energy expenditure in birds. Science. 294, 471 (2001)

A journal article with 3 authors

Goebel, T., Waters, M.R., O’Rourke, D.H.: The late Pleistocene dispersal of modern humans in the Americas. Science. 319, 1497–1502 (2008)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Jaworski, T., Dewachter, I., Lechat, B., Gees, M., Kremer, A., Demedts, D., Borghgraef, P., Devijver, H., Kügler, S., Patel, S., Woodgett, J.R., Van Leuven, F.: GSK-3α/β kinases and amyloid production in vivo. Nature. 480, E4-5; discussion E6 (2011)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abulencia, J.P., Theodore, L.: Open-Ended Problems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2015)

An edited book

Namjoshi, K., Zeller, A., Ziv, A. eds: Hardware and Software: Verification and Testing: 5th International Haifa Verification Conference, HVC 2009, Haifa, Israel, October 19-22, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2011)

A chapter in an edited book

Sovacool, B.K., Linnér, B.-O.: The Perils of Climate Diplomacy: The Political Economy of the UNFCCC. In: Linnér, B.-O. (ed.) The Political Economy of Climate Change Adaptation. pp. 110–135. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London (2016)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multimedia Systems.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: What Is The Secret To Being Good At Maths?, https://www.iflscience.com/brain/what-secret-being-good-maths/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Reuse of Municipal Wastewater and Development of New Technology: Emphasis and Direction Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1978)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Morales, G.A.: Effects of communication and control latency on air traffic controller acceptance of unmanned aircraft operations, (2015)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

de la MERCED, M.J.: Blue Apron Pursues I.P.O. As Amazon Poses Threat, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Multimedia Systems
Abbreviation	Multimed. Syst.
ISSN (print)	0942-4962
ISSN (online)	1432-1882
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Information Systems Software Media Technology