How to format your references using the Multimedia Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Multimedia Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Liechti, K.M.: Materials science. Understanding friction in layered materials. Science. 348, 632–633 (2015)

A journal article with 2 authors

Awasthi, A., Kuchroo, V.K.: Immunology. The yin and yang of follicular helper T cells. Science. 325, 953–955 (2009)

A journal article with 3 authors

Cook, R.L., Martin, P.J., Geremia, J.M.: Optical coherent state discrimination using a closed-loop quantum measurement. Nature. 446, 774–777 (2007)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Nishimasu, H., Shi, X., Ishiguro, S., Gao, L., Hirano, S., Okazaki, S., Noda, T., Abudayyeh, O.O., Gootenberg, J.S., Mori, H., Oura, S., Holmes, B., Tanaka, M., Seki, M., Hirano, H., Aburatani, H., Ishitani, R., Ikawa, M., Yachie, N., Zhang, F., Nureki, O.: Engineered CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease with expanded targeting space. Science. 361, 1259–1262 (2018)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Youssef, H.A.: Machining of Stainless Steels and Super Alloys. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2015)

An edited book

Wong, L.-J.C. ed: Mitochondrial Disorders Caused by Nuclear Genes. Springer, New York, NY (2013)

A chapter in an edited book

Hanna, N., Richards, D.: A Collaborative Agent Architecture with Human-Agent Communication Model. In: Dignum, F., Brom, C., Hindriks, K., Beer, M., and Richards, D. (eds.) Cognitive Agents for Virtual Environments: First International Workshop, CAVE 2012, Held at AAMAS 2012, Valencia, Spain, June 4, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. pp. 70–88. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Multimedia Systems.

Blog post

Davis, J.: These Weird Videos Could Prove That Apes Have “Theory Of Mind,” https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/these-weird-videos-could-prove-that-apes-have-theory-of-mind/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Millions in Savings Possible in Converting Programs From One Computer to Another. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1977)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Makovec, M.G.: A study of the factors predicting attrition and contributing to the attrition rate of high school teachers in Hampton Roads, Virginia, (2008)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Novick, S.M.: Farm to Blanket, (2015)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Multimedia Systems
Abbreviation	Multimed. Syst.
ISSN (print)	0942-4962
ISSN (online)	1432-1882
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Information Systems Software Media Technology