How to format your references using the Motivation Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Motivation Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brody, H. (2012). Editorial: taste. Nature, 486(7403), S1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ishibashi, J., & Seale, P. (2010). Medicine. Beige can be slimming. Science (New York, N.Y.), 328(5982), 1113–1114.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cheung, V. G., Sherman, S. L., & Feingold, E. (2010). Genetics. Genetic control of hotspots. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5967), 791–792.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Kuchibhotla, K. V., Lattarulo, C. R., Hyman, B. T., & Bacskai, B. J. (2009). Synchronous hyperactivity and intercellular calcium waves in astrocytes in Alzheimer mice. Science (New York, N.Y.), 323(5918), 1211–1215.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lado, E. P. (2016). The Common Fisheries Policy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Braga, C., & Ölveczky, P. C. (Eds.). (2016). Formal Aspects of Component Software: 12th International Conference, FACS 2015, Niterói, Brazil, October 14-16, 2015, Revised Selected Papers (1st ed. 2016, Vol. 9539). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Ali, H. E., & Sami, S. M. (2016). Inequality, Economic Growth and Natural Resources Rent: Evidence From the Middle East and North Africa. In J. E. Stiglitz & M. Guzman (Eds.), Contemporary Issues in Microeconomics (pp. 50–76). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Motivation Science.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, May 12). A Walrus Has Been Born In A Canadian Aquarium For The First Time. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2017). Public Transit: Information on Job Access and Reverse Commute Activities after 2012 Statutory Changes (GAO-17-483). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ross, N. J. (2015). Facilitating shared understanding: A grounded theory for decision-making in pain management [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper, M., & Walsh, M. W. (2010, December 5). MOUNTING DEBTS BY STATES STOKE FEARS OF CRISIS. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brody, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Brody, 2012; Ishibashi & Seale, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ishibashi & Seale, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Kuchibhotla et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Motivation Science
ISSN (print)	2333-8113
ISSN (online)	2333-8121
Scope