How to format your references using the Motivation and Emotion citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Motivation and Emotion. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wolpert, A. J. (2002). The future of electronic data. Nature, 420(6911), 17–18.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bliss, T., & Schoepfer, R. (2004). Neuroscience. Controlling the ups and downs of synaptic strength. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5673), 973–974.

A journal article with 3 authors

Harris, G. C., Wimmer, M., & Aston-Jones, G. (2005). A role for lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward seeking. Nature, 437(7058), 556–559.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wu, X.-C., Li, Z., Zhou, B.-C., & Dong, Z.-M. (2003). Palaeontology: a polydactylous amniote from the Triassic period. Nature, 426(6966), 516.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abdul-Rahman, Y. (2014). The Art of RF (Riba-Free) Islamic Banking and Finance. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Velásquez, J. D., Ríos, S. A., Howlett, R. J., & Jain, L. C. (Eds.). (2009). Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems: 13th International Conference, KES 2009, Santiago, Chile, September 28-30, 2009, Proceedings, Part I (Vol. 5711). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Schmidt, W. G., Rauls, E., Gerstmann, U., Sanna, S., Landmann, M., Rohrmüller, M., et al. (2012). Copper Substrate Catalyzes Tetraazaperopyrene Polymerization. In W. E. Nagel, D. B. Kröner, & M. M. Resch (Eds.), High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ’11: Transactions of the High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart (HLRS) 2011 (pp. 47–56). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Motivation and Emotion.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 18). Latest Study Breathes New Life in Case About America’s Most Controversial Archaeological Discovery. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/latest-study-breathes-new-life-case-about-america-s-most-controversial-archaeological/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2001). Computer-Based Patient Records: Better Planning and Oversight By VA, DOD, and IHS Would Enhance Health Data Sharing (No. GAO-01-459). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grannis, K. S. (2010). Secular spiritual quests in modern American novels, 1922–1960 (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hechinger, J. (2017, September 26). Get the Keg Out of the Frat House. New York Times, p. A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wolpert 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Bliss and Schoepfer 2004; Wolpert 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bliss and Schoepfer 2004)
Three or more authors: (Wu et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Motivation and Emotion
Abbreviation	Motiv. Emot.
ISSN (print)	0146-7239
ISSN (online)	1573-6644
Scope	Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Social Psychology