How to format your references using the Molecular Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Molecular Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Ron D. Cell biology. Stressed cells cope with protein overload. Science. 2006;313:52–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Amack JD, Manning ML. Knowing the boundaries: extending the differential adhesion hypothesis in embryonic cell sorting. Science. 2012;338:212–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. García-Ruiz JM, Melero-García E, Hyde ST. Morphogenesis of self-assembled nanocrystalline materials of barium carbonate and silica. Science. 2009;323:362–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Crooker SA, Rickel DG, Balatsky AV, Smith DL. Spectroscopy of spontaneous spin noise as a probe of spin dynamics and magnetic resonance. Nature. 2004;431:49–52.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Giesbrecht FG, Gumpertz ML. Planning, Construction, and Statistical Analysis of Comparative Experiments: Giesbrecht/Comparative Experiments. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Kirita T, Omura K, editors. Oral Cancer: Diagnosis and Therapy. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Mendels P, Frens J. The Audio Adventurer: Design of a Portable Audio Adventure Game. In: Markopoulos P, Ruyter B de, IJsselsteijn W, Rowland D, editors. Fun and Games: Second International Conference, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, October 20-21, 2008 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 46–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Molecular Pain.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Breast Cancer Campaigns Might Be Pink, But Men Get It Too. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. DOD Business Systems Modernization: Billions Continue to Be Invested with Inadequate Management Oversight and Accountability. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004 May. Report No.: GAO-04-615.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Joseph OW. A study of the effectiveness of mentor roles in a rural school district [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Saslow L. Inquiry Into Gosman’s, Up for Sale, Continues. New York Times. 2007 Jan 7;14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Molecular Pain
Abbreviation	Mol. Pain
ISSN (online)	1744-8069
Scope	Molecular Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

Research and Writing Guides