How to format your references using the Molecular Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Molecular Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Lewis R. The hard cell. Nature. 2007;447:748–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ganachaud A, Wunsch C. Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data. Nature. 2000;408:453–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kelly BP, Whiteley A, Tallmon D. The Arctic melting pot. Nature. 2010;468:891.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Haering CH, Farcas A-M, Arumugam P, Metson J, Nasmyth K. The cohesin ring concatenates sister DNA molecules. Nature. 2008;454:297–301.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lewis S. Positive Psychology and Change. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

1. Baryshev Y. Fundamental Questions of Practical Cosmology: Exploring the Realm of Galaxies. Teerikorpi P, editor. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Epstein B. How Many Kinds of Glue Hold the Social World Together? In: Gallotti M, Michael J, editors. Perspectives on Social Ontology and Social Cognition. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 41–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Molecular Pain.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Soil Microbes Produce “Knee-High Tropical Rainforests’ On Arid Lands [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/soil-microbes-produce-kneehigh-tropical-rainforests-on-arid-lands/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Automated Systems: Legislative Branch Opportunity for Sharing Payroll/Personnel Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989 May. Report No.: IMTEC-89-23.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Campbell AJ. History transformed: Sengoku Daimyo in Japanese popular media [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Gurley G. Karaoke and Confession. New York Times. 2016 Mar 4;D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Molecular Pain
Abbreviation	Mol. Pain
ISSN (online)	1744-8069
Scope	Molecular Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience