How to format your references using the Molecular Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Molecular Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Goodson KE. Materials science. Ordering up the minimum thermal conductivity of solids. Science. 2007;315:342–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Howard J, Hyman AA. Dynamics and mechanics of the microtubule plus end. Nature. 2003;422:753–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Manoharan HC, Lutz CP, Eigler DM. Quantum mirages formed by coherent projection of electronic structure. Nature. 2000;403:512–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Fleury V, Watters WA, Allam L, Devers T. Rapid electroplating of insulators. Nature. 2002;416:716–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Rodman GB. Why Cultural Studies? Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

1. McCarthy JM. Geometric Design of Linkages. Soh GS, editor. New York, NY: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Lyubchenko YL. AFM Visualization of Protein–DNA Interactions. In: Oberhauser AF, editor. Single-molecule Studies of Proteins. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 97–117.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Molecular Pain.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Echoless Light Observed For The First Time [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/echoless-light-observed-first-time/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Intelligent Transportation Systems: Urban and Rural Transit Providers Reported Benefits but Face Deployment Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Jun. Report No.: GAO-16-638.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Coar H. Using mandalas to support grieving female adolescents: A case study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kelly C. Shelter’s Legal Arm Observes Anniversary. New York Times. 2007 Mar 25;14WC2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Molecular Pain
Abbreviation	Mol. Pain
ISSN (online)	1744-8069
Scope	Molecular Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience