How to format your references using the Molecular Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Molecular Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Friston KJ. Modalities, modes, and models in functional neuroimaging. Science. 2009;326:399–403.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Lehmann J, Sohi S. Comment on “Fire-derived charcoal causes loss of forest humus.” Science. 2008;321:1295; author reply 1295.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Roselló-Díez A, Ros MA, Torres M. Diffusible signals, not autonomous mechanisms, determine the main proximodistal limb subdivision. Science. 2011;332:1086–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Baerenfaller K, Grossmann J, Grobei MA, Hull R, Hirsch-Hoffmann M, Yalovsky S, et al. Genome-scale proteomics reveals Arabidopsis thaliana gene models and proteome dynamics. Science. 2008;320:938–41.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Rouse WB. Universities as Complex Enterprises. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

1. Lopes L, Žilinskas J, Costan A, Cascella RG, Kecskemeti G, Jeannot E, et al., editors. Euro-Par 2014: Parallel Processing Workshops: Euro-Par 2014 International Workshops, Porto, Portugal, August 25-26, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, Part I. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hippe A, Homey B, Mueller-Homey A. Chemokines. In: Liersch R, Berdel WE, Kessler T, editors. Angiogenesis Inhibition. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 35–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Molecular Pain.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. Is Fukushima Still Safe After The Latest Earthquake? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/is-fukushima-still-safe-after-the-latest-earthquake/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Highway Demonstration Projects: Improved Selection and Funding Controls Are Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 May. Report No.: RCED-91-146.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Lauper AR. Effects of leadership training and networking opportunities on professional advancement: A quantitative study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Crow K. Staying Focused On Diversity Goals In Harder Times. New York Times. 2003 Oct 28;G2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Molecular Pain
Abbreviation	Mol. Pain
ISSN (online)	1744-8069
Scope	Molecular Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience