How to format your references using the Molecular Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Molecular Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Storb R. Edward Donnall Thomas (1920-2012). Nature. 2012;491:334.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Carlton JG, Martin-Serrano J. Parallels between cytokinesis and retroviral budding: a role for the ESCRT machinery. Science. 2007;316:1908–12.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. McAlonan K, Cavanaugh J, Wurtz RH. Guarding the gateway to cortex with attention in visual thalamus. Nature. 2008;456:391–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Vickers NJ, Christensen TA, Baker TC, Hildebrand JG. Odour-plume dynamics influence the brain’s olfactory code. Nature. 2001;410:466–70.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Le Doeuff R, Zaïm MEH. Rotating Electrical Machines. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Knust M, Hanft A, editors. Continuing Higher Education and Lifelong Learning: An international comparative study on structures, organisation and provisions. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Kehrl JH, Hwang I-Y, Park C. Chemoattract Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Lymphocyte Motility and Trafficking. In: Dustin M, McGavern D, editors. Visualizing Immunity. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 107–27.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Molecular Pain.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Physicists Have A New Theory On How The Egyptians Built The Pyramids. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Federal Communications Commission: Broadcast Services, Television Broadcast Stations, and TV Transmission Standards. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 Apr. Report No.: OGC-97-18.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Vernold EL. Special education teacher resiliency: What keeps teachers in the field? [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Lyman R, Walsh MW. Task Force Report Urges Municipalities to Stop Hiding Fiscal Troubles. New York Times. 2014 Jan 15;A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Molecular Pain
Abbreviation	Mol. Pain
ISSN (online)	1744-8069
Scope	Molecular Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience