How to format your references using the Modeling Earth Systems and Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spitzer NC (2015) DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE. Neurotransmitter-tailored dendritic trees. Science 350:510–511

A journal article with 2 authors

Hodas NO, Lerman K (2014) The simple rules of social contagion. Sci Rep 4:4343

A journal article with 3 authors

Cortright RD, Davda RR, Dumesic JA (2002) Hydrogen from catalytic reforming of biomass-derived hydrocarbons in liquid water. Nature 418:964–967

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Deng H, Weihs G, Santori C, et al (2002) Condensation of semiconductor microcavity exciton polaritons. Science 298:199–202

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith J, Roberts R (2015) Vital Signs for Nurses. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Dragan V (2013) Mathematical Methods in Robust Control of Linear Stochastic Systems, 2nd ed. 2013. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Gamsa M (2014) Mixed Marriages in Russian-Chinese Manchuria. In: Ben-Canaan D, Grüner F, Prodöhl I (eds) Entangled Histories: The Transcultural Past of Northeast China. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 47–58

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Modeling Earth Systems and Environment.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Hubble Detects Massive Gas Halo Surrounding Andromeda Galaxy. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Office of Personnel Management: Retirement Systems Modernization Program Faces Numerous Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hamilton MA (2003) Experiences of Everyday Racism: Understanding the Racial Difference in Perceptions of Physicians’ Cultural Competence. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Roach M (2016) Not an Accident. New York Times BR8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Spitzer 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Hodas and Lerman 2014; Spitzer 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hodas and Lerman 2014)
Three or more authors: (Deng et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Modeling Earth Systems and Environment
Abbreviation	Model. Earth Syst. Environ.
ISSN (print)	2363-6203
ISSN (online)	2363-6211
Scope