How to format your references using the Modeling Earth Systems and Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Harris N (2015) Immunology: Chronic effects of acute infections. Nature 526:509–510

A journal article with 2 authors

Schreiber H, Rowley DA (2010) Cancer. Awakening immunity. Science 330:761–762

A journal article with 3 authors

Chatterjee A, Mitrović M, Fortunato S (2013) Universality in voting behavior: an empirical analysis. Sci Rep 3:1049

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Tranquada JM, Woo H, Perring TG, et al (2004) Quantum magnetic excitations from stripes in copper oxide superconductors. Nature 429:534–538

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bosq D, Blanke D (2007) Inference and Prediction in Large Dimensions: Bosq/Inference and Prediction in Large Dimensions. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Doumeingts G, Müller J, Morel G, Vallespir B (eds) (2007) Enterprise Interoperability: New Challenges and Approaches. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Wang T (2011) “Public Archaeology” in China: A Preliminary Investigation. In: Okamura K, Matsuda A (eds) New Perspectives in Global Public Archaeology. Springer, New York, NY, pp 43–56

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Modeling Earth Systems and Environment.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Chile’s Calbuco Volcano Erupts Without Warning. What Can We Expect Next? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/chile-s-calbuco-volcano-erupts-without-warning-what-can-we-expect-next/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003) Joint Strike Fighter Acquisition: Managing Competing Pressures Is Critical to Achieving Program Goals. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gao H (2006) Extracting Key Features for Analysis and Recognition in Computer Vision. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2010) By Honoring Their Past, the Giants Were Duly Rewarded. New York Times B15

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Harris 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Schreiber and Rowley 2010; Harris 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schreiber and Rowley 2010)
Three or more authors: (Tranquada et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Modeling Earth Systems and Environment
Abbreviation	Model. Earth Syst. Environ.
ISSN (print)	2363-6203
ISSN (online)	2363-6211
Scope