How to format your references using the Modeling Earth Systems and Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kawaler SD (2003) Astronomy. Taking the pulse of a massive star. Science 300:1885–1886

A journal article with 2 authors

Gurdon JB, Bourillot PY (2001) Morphogen gradient interpretation. Nature 413:797–803

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhao Z-R, Li W, Long H (2014) Readministration of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer patients after initial failure, what affects its efficacy? Sci Rep 4:5996

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Leishman AJ, Naidenko OV, Attinger A, et al (2001) T cell responses modulated through interaction between CD8alphaalpha and the nonclassical MHC class I molecule, TL. Science 294:1936–1939

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cousley RRJ (2013) The Orthodontic Mini-Implant Clinical Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, West Sussex UK

An edited book

Romanovsky A, Thomas M (eds) (2013) Industrial Deployment of System Engineering Methods. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Largaespada DA (2012) Insertional Mutagenesis for Generating Mouse Models of Cancer. In: Green JE, Ried T (eds) Genetically Engineered Mice for Cancer Research: design, analysis, pathways, validation and pre-clinical testing. Springer, New York, NY, pp 57–82

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Modeling Earth Systems and Environment.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Night Owls Have A Higher Risk Of Developing Diabetes Than Early Birds. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/night-owls-have-higher-risk-developing-diabetes-early-birds/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Credit Reporting Literacy: Consumers Understood the Basics but Could Benefit from Targeted Educational Efforts. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Copeland AD (2013) A qualitative study of clinical oncology nurses’ perceptions of work-life balance. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow BYK (2001) Dreams of a Summer Camp Take the Form of Reality. New York Times G10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kawaler 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Gurdon and Bourillot 2001; Kawaler 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gurdon and Bourillot 2001)
Three or more authors: (Leishman et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Modeling Earth Systems and Environment
Abbreviation	Model. Earth Syst. Environ.
ISSN (print)	2363-6203
ISSN (online)	2363-6211
Scope