How to format your references using the Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lawler A (2011) Archaeology. Does North America hold the roots of Mesoamerican civilization? Science 334:1620–1621

A journal article with 2 authors

Que L Jr, Tolman WB (2008) Biologically inspired oxidation catalysis. Nature 455:333–340

A journal article with 3 authors

Franzoni C, Scellato G, Stephan P (2011) Science policy. Changing incentives to publish. Science 333:702–703

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Dai Y, Wang H, Yang T, et al (2014) Flower-like dynamics of coupled Skyrmions with dual resonant modes by a single-frequency microwave magnetic field. Sci Rep 4:6153

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hopkins BR (2009) Starting and Managing a Nonprofit Organization. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Ailamaki A, Bowers S (eds) (2012) Scientific and Statistical Database Management: 24th International Conference, SSDBM 2012, Chania, Crete, Greece, June 25-27, 2012. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Holovaty A, Kaplan-Moss J (2008) Interacting with a Database: Models. In: Kaplan-Moss J (ed) The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right. Apress, Berkeley, CA, pp 59–82

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Humans Killed Almost Three Million Whales During 20th Century. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/almost-three-million-whales-killed-during-twentieth-century/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) DOD Overseas Schools: Compensation Adequate for Recruiting and Retaining Well-Qualified Teachers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Solano Cahuana IL (2015) The Production of Apologies by Colombian Learners of English A Study of Pragmatic Acquisition in an EFL Context. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J (2017) The Unending Struggle for Gay Rights. New York Times C2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Lawler 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Que and Tolman 2008; Lawler 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Que and Tolman 2008)
Three or more authors: (Dai et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
Abbreviation	Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang.
ISSN (print)	1381-2386
ISSN (online)	1573-1596
Scope	Ecology Global and Planetary Change

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