How to format your references using the Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bocquet-Appel J-P (2011) When the world’s population took off: the springboard of the Neolithic Demographic Transition. Science 333:560–561

A journal article with 2 authors

Helms JA, Schneider RA (2003) Cranial skeletal biology. Nature 423:326–331

A journal article with 3 authors

Indjeian VB, Stern BM, Murray AW (2005) The centromeric protein Sgo1 is required to sense lack of tension on mitotic chromosomes. Science 307:130–133

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Busskamp V, Duebel J, Balya D, et al (2010) Genetic reactivation of cone photoreceptors restores visual responses in retinitis pigmentosa. Science 329:413–417

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vitale J, Len IH (2008) Zero Limits. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Christianson B, Crispo B, Malcolm J, Stajano F (eds) (2011) Security Protocols XIX: 19th International Workshop, Cambridge, UK, March 28-30, 2011, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Pol LG, Thomas RK (2013) Fertility. In: Thomas RK (ed) The Demography of Health and Healthcare: Third Edition. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 91–112

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change.

Blog post

Andrews R (2016) Thieving Cleaner Fish Are The Con Artists Of Coral Reefs. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/thieving-cleaner-fish-con-artists-coral-reefs/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2006) Wood Utilization: Federal Research and Product Development Activities, Support, and Technology Transfer. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hart MM (2013) R&D Characteristics and Organizational Structure: Case Studies of University-Industry Research Centers. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J (2016) A Chance to Be Reborn After Years Behind Bars. New York Times C6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bocquet-Appel 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Helms and Schneider 2003; Bocquet-Appel 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Helms and Schneider 2003)
Three or more authors: (Busskamp et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
Abbreviation	Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang.
ISSN (print)	1381-2386
ISSN (online)	1573-1596
Scope	Ecology Global and Planetary Change

Research and Writing Guides