How to format your references using the Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spence JCH (2003) Materials science. Oxygen in crystals--seeing is believing. Science 299:839–841

A journal article with 2 authors

Abrams NE, Primack JR (2001) Essays on science and society. Cosmology and 21st-century culture. Science 293:1769–1770

A journal article with 3 authors

Brengues M, Teixeira D, Parker R (2005) Movement of eukaryotic mRNAs between polysomes and cytoplasmic processing bodies. Science 310:486–489

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Mizutani K-I, Yoon K, Dang L, et al (2007) Differential Notch signalling distinguishes neural stem cells from intermediate progenitors. Nature 449:351–355

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abutarbush SM (2015) Illustrated Guide to Equine Diseases. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Ames, Iowa, USA

An edited book

Goetz T, Jaritz G, Oser F (eds) (2011) Pains and Gains of International Mobility in Teacher Education. SensePublishers, Rotterdam

A chapter in an edited book

Arseneault T, Filion M (2016) Phenazine-Producing Pseudomonas spp. as Biocontrol Agents of Plant Pathogens. In: Singh DP, Singh HB, Prabha R (eds) Microbial Inoculants in Sustainable Agricultural Productivity: Vol. 2: Functional Applications. Springer India, New Delhi, pp 53–68

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change.

Blog post

Davis J (2015) Researchers Eavesdrop On Arctic Whales To Learn Their Movements. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1997) FASAB Volume 1 Original Statements: Statements of Federal Financial Accounting Concepts and Standards. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garatli AA (2014) What are the necessary skills for leading an online business in Saudi Arabia? Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dominus S (2016) Something Was Wrong. New York Times BR12

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Spence 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Abrams and Primack 2001; Spence 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Abrams and Primack 2001)
Three or more authors: (Mizutani et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
Abbreviation	Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang.
ISSN (print)	1381-2386
ISSN (online)	1573-1596
Scope	Ecology Global and Planetary Change