How to format your references using the Minds and Machines citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Minds and Machines. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Minsky, M. (2000). Time for an aspirin. Nature, 403(6770), 592.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sloan, P. A., & Palmer, R. E. (2005). Two-electron dissociation of single molecules by atomic manipulation at room temperature. Nature, 434(7031), 367–371.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gershenfeld, N., Samouhos, S., & Nordman, B. (2010). Engineering. Intelligent infrastructure for energy efficiency. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5969), 1086–1088.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Smith, D. L., Dushoff, J., Snow, R. W., & Hay, S. I. (2005). The entomological inoculation rate and Plasmodium falciparum infection in African children. Nature, 438(7067), 492–495.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Numai, T. (2010). Laser Diodes and their Applications to Communications and Information Processing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Ford, J. B., & Honeycutt, E. D., Jr. (Eds.). (2015). Proceedings of the 1998 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Glas, E. (2009). On the Role of Thought-Experiments in Mathematical Discovery. In J. Meheus & T. Nickles (Eds.), Models of Discovery and Creativity (pp. 57–64). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Minds and Machines.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2016, September 1). Brain Samples Of Nazi Victims Found In Major German Research Institute. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/brain-samples-of-nazi-victims-found-in-major-german-research-institute/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1994). Telecommunications: Status of Research on the Safety of Cellular Telephones (No. RCED-95-32). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Andrus, A. K. (2017). Cellular and Proteomic Characterization of the Innate Immune Response in Wasting Bat Stars (Patiria miniata) (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel, B. (2016, November 10). Aim That Kick Just to the Left of Those Flutists. New York Times, p. SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Minsky 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Minsky 2000; Sloan and Palmer 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sloan and Palmer 2005)
Three or more authors: (Smith et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Minds and Machines
Abbreviation	Minds Mach. (Dordr.)
ISSN (print)	0924-6495
ISSN (online)	1572-8641
Scope	Philosophy Artificial Intelligence